The analysis of factors limiting the distributions of drosophilid flies

果蝇分布限制因素分析

基本信息

批准号：
14540571
负责人：
KIMURA Masahito
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14540571/
关键词：
Drosonhilid flies Latitudinal distribution Cold tolerance Heat tolerance Metabolic rates Walking speed Pupal period Parasitic wasps 分布の南限耐寒性防御反応北限南限

项目摘要

Drosophilid flies occur mainly in woodlands from tropical to arctic regions. However, the distribution rage of single species is not so wide, and the distribution of tropical species is almost restricted in tropical regions and that of temperate species in temperate regions. This study focuses on the question why tropical species are not distributed in temperate regions and temperate species are not present in tropical regions. According to the present study with 30 drosophilid species from Japan, tropical species are not cold tolerant, and this inhibits them to colonize temperate regions. It has been reported in many organisms that cold-adapted species have higher metabolic rates than species from warmer regions. However, such tendency was not observed in drosophilid flies. On the other hand, the absence of cold-tolerant species in warmer regions suggests that the acquisition of cold tolerance resulted in the loss of adaptability to warmer regions. Here, walking speed and the rate of pupal development were compared for 28 drosophilid species. If walking speed is reduced, they would become vulnerable to predators. If the rate of pupal development is retarded (i.e., pupal period is prolonged), they would also become vulnerable to predators, parasitoids and infectious microorganisms. In our experiments, cold-tolerant species had lower walking speed and lower rate of pupal development, suggesting that cold-tolerant species are disadvantageous in warmer regions than cold-intolerant species. However, little is known on predators, parasitoids or infectious microorganisms of drosophilids. In this study, we made a survey on parasitoid wasps of drosophilid flies in Japan and recorded about 20 species. It is needed to examine whether or not cold-tolerant species are more heavily attacked by parasitoids than cold-intolerant species.

果蝇蝇主要发生在从热带到北极地区的林地中。但是，单个物种的分布不那么宽，热带物种的分布在热带地区和温带地区温带物种的分布几乎受到限制。这项研究重点介绍了为什么热带物种不分布在温带地区，而温带物种则不存在于热带地区。根据本研究的研究，来自日本的30种果蝇物种，热带物种并不耐寒，这抑制了它们殖民温带区域。据报道，许多生物体中，冷适应的物种的代谢率高于温暖地区的物种。但是，在果蝇蝇中未观察到这种趋势。另一方面，在较温暖的地区缺乏冷耐受性物种表明，获得冷容忍力导致对温暖区域的适应性丧失。在这里，比较了28种果蝇物种的步行速度和p鼠的发育速度。如果步行速度降低，它们将变得容易受到捕食者的影响。如果pupal发育的速度延迟（即pupal期延长），它们也将变得容易受到捕食者，寄生虫和感染性微生物的影响。在我们的实验中，冷容忍的物种的步行速度较低，p鼠的发育速度较低，这表明与冷耐耐耐味物种相比，温暖的地区冷耐受性物种不利。然而，果蝇的捕食者，寄生虫或感染性微生物几乎不知道。在这项研究中，我们对日本果蝇蝇的寄生虫黄蜂进行了调查，并记录了约20种。需要检查耐寒性物种是否比冷智能物种更严重地受到寄生虫的攻击。