Pilot Study on Optimal Design and Management of Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme with Rainwater Harvesting -Constructing a Pilot Scheme in Ghana/West Africa-

雨水收集小型灌溉方案优化设计和管理试点研究 - 在加纳/西非建设试点方案 -

• 批准号: 13306018
• 负责人: KAWACHI Toshihiko
• 金额: $ 39.44万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13306018/
• 关键词: Arid and semi-arid areas; Small-scale water development; Micro-dam; Rainwater harvesting; Irrigation; Optimal management; Africa; Ghana; 最適設計; Arid and semi-arid areas; Small-scale water development; Micro-dam; Rainwater harvesting; Irrigation; Optimal management; Africa; Ghana; 最適設計

Water as a limiting factor in agricultural production in semi-arid Savannah could be developed on a small scale by constructing self-reliant irrigation tanks (micro-dams) that directly harvest and store rainwater from prepared catchment, having less impact on the environment. The tank could also be a core of village-level rural community to encourage agricultural activities as well as farmers' communication. The objective of the study is to build a micro-dam at a pilot site in Ghana, discuss optimal planning, design and management of the rainwater harvesting system for developing a decentralized small-scale irrigation scheme and experimentally evaluate the efficacy of the irrigation tank for agricultural production. Climatic properties of the site were analyzed using meteorological data automatically recorded by a weather robot installed at the site. For analyzing run-off from the catchment area with the aid of GIS (Geological Information System), an innovative 2-D run-off model was de … More veloped using the finite-volume method. Design practice for constructing the scheme consisting of micro-dam, water conveyance channel and farm land was made meticulously considering the results from these analyses and the in-site topographical and geotechnical surveys. It was found that a micro-dam of high technical level and long life span (100-year flood discharge was considered for spillway design), which cannot be found currently in developing counties such as Ghana, could relatively inexpensively be built if design requirements and construction quality are relaxed to their marginal limits and the process of micro-dam construction would appropriately be supervised. Considering that a gravity-fed water-saving supplemental irrigation, an adaptive water supply subject to soil moisture content in the farm land, is the best, a sophisticated numerical model was developed that can evaluate its effectiveness in terms of water management and water use efficiency and quantify the efficacy of the irrigation tank for agricultural production. Currently field observations for maize growing in the pilot farm land are continued. Through comprehensively analyzing the results obtained, the efficacy of the irrigation tank for agricultural production will be evaluated. Less

可以通过构建自力更生的灌溉罐（Micro-Dam）来开发半干旱萨凡纳农业生产的限制因素，该灌溉储罐（Micro-Dams）直接从准备的流域中收集并储存雨水，对环境的影响较小。该坦克也可能是村级农村社区的核心，以鼓励农业活动以及农民的交流。该研究的目的是在加纳的一个试点场所建立一个微型DAM，讨论用于开发分散的小规模灌溉计划的雨水收集系统的最佳计划，设计和管理，并通过实验评估灌溉罐对农业生产的效率。使用安装在现场的气象机器人自动记录的气象数据对场地的气候特性进行了分析。为了借助GIS（地质信息系统）从集水区进行分析径流，创新的二-D径流模型被DE…使用有限体积方法更加稳定。考虑到这些分析以及现场地形和岩土技术调查的结果，对构建由微型DAM，水运输通道和农田组成的计划进行了精心设计。发现发现高技术水平和长寿命（考虑了100年的洪水用于溢洪道设计），考虑到，考虑到重力喂养的节水补充灌溉灌溉的供水和量化的量子能够评估量子，并且可以评估水的有效性，并且可以评估水的有效性，并且可以在农场土地上进行土壤水分，这是无法找到的。 生产。目前，在试点农田中生长的玉米生长的现场观察仍在继续。通过全面分析获得的结果，将评估灌溉罐的农业生产效率。较少的