Studies on the Characteristics of Differentiation and Degeneration of Spikelets and Grain-filling in High-yielding Rice Cultivars with Large Panicles

大穗水稻高产品种小穗分化退化及灌浆特性研究

• 批准号: 11660018
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Yoshinori
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kochi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660018/
• 关键词: Degenerated spikelet; Differentiated spikelet; Environmental factors; Grain filling; Large panicle cultivar; Rice; Sink capacity; Surviving spikelet; 溢泌液; 穎花; 国際研究者交流; 遮光; ジベレリー; 品種; 乾物重; 窒素吸収量; 頴花分化; 頴花退化; 窒素追肥; リン酸追肥

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of the differentiation and degeneration of spikelets and the grain-filling in high-yielding rice cultivars with large panicles (LP-HYC) bred in China, Korea, the Philippines and other countries in recent years. The results were summarized as follows ;1. The number of differentiated and degenerated spikelets, and the percentage of degenerated spikelets varied considerably among LP-HYCs, but the number of degenerated spikelets was much larger in the differentiated spikelets on the secondary rachis-branch (SB) than those on the primary rachis-branch of panicle (PB). The major part of degenerated spikelets on SB was derived from the degenerated SBs on the surviving PB.2. Nitrogen top-dressing at tillering stage to LP-HYCs increased the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle as well as the panicle number, but greater increase in the percentage of degenerated spikelets at the same time decreased the number of surviving spikelets.3. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium application at 40-20days before heading increased the number of surviving spikelets due to the increase in differentiation and the decrease in degeneration of spikelets in LP-HYCs. The heavy shading and high-day and/or night temperature during 15 days before heading increased the percentage of degenerated spikelets. The percentage of degenerated spikelets decreased with the increase of shoot dry weight per stem (SDW) and SDW per differentiated spikelets at heading.4. Contribution ratio of the stored carbohydrate in the culm and leaf sheath at heading and the assimilated carbohydrate after heading to the grain-filling varied so much among cultivars belonging to LP-HYC and by the cultivated conditions.

本研究旨在明确中国、韩国、菲律宾等国近年来选育的大穗高产水稻品种（LP-HYC）的小穗分化、退化和籽粒灌浆特征。结果总结如下： 1． LP-HYC 中分化和退化小穗的数量以及退化小穗的百分比差异很大，但次生轴分枝 (SB) 上分化小穗的退化小穗数量远大于初级轴上的退化小穗数量。圆锥花序的分枝（PB）。 SB 上退化小穗的主要部分来自于幸存的 PB.2 上的退化 SB。分蘖期追施LP-HYCs可增加每穗分化小穗数和穗数，但退化小穗比例增加较多，同时存活小穗数减少。3．抽穗前 40-20 天施用氮、磷和钾可增加存活小穗的数量，因为 LP-HYC 中小穗的分化增加，退化减少。抽穗前 15 天的强烈遮荫和高白天和/或夜间温度增加了退化小穗的百分比。随着每茎地上部干重(SDW)和抽穗时分化小穗SDW的增加，退化小穗的比例降低。4．抽穗时秆和叶鞘中储存的碳水化合物以及抽穗后同化的碳水化合物对灌浆的贡献率在LP-HYC品种之间和栽培条件方面差异很大。

项目成果

Yao Youli: "Macro-element absorption at maturity in relation to grain yield in high-yielding rice cultivars"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46・4. 815-824 (2000)

姚友利：“高产水稻品种成熟期大量元素吸收与籽粒产量的关系”，土壤科学与植物营养，815-824。

姚 友礼: "中国産多収性水稲品種の穎花分化および退化に及ぼす窒素追肥の影響"日本作物学会四国支部紀事. 36. 78-79 (1999)

Yurei Yao：“施氮肥对中国高产水稻品种小穗分化和退化的影响”日本作物学会四国分会杂志 36. 78-79 (1999)。

Yao Youli: "Response of differentiated and regenerated spikelets to top-dressing, shading and day/night temperature treatments in rice cultivars with large panicle"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46. 631-641 (2000)

姚友利：“大穗水稻品种分化再生小穗对追肥、遮荫和昼夜温度处理的响应”土壤科学与植物营养。

Yao Youli: "Role of nitrogen regulation in sink and source formation of high-yielding rice cultivars"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46・4. 825-834 (2000)

姚友利：“氮调节在高产水稻品种库源形成中的作用”，土壤科学与植物营养，825-834。

Tahmid Hossain Ansari: "Charactertics of spikelet differentiation and degeneration among rice cultivars belongs to different eco-species of rice"Abst. Ann. Meeting, Japan. Soc. Soil Sci. and Plant Nutri.. 47. 110 (2001)

Tahmid Hossain Ansari：“不同生态水稻品种的小穗分化和退化特征”摘要。