A Study on Suppression of Urban Fire Spread through Elements of Urban Area

通过城市区域要素抑制城市火灾蔓延的研究

• 批准号: 11650629
• 负责人: HOKUGO Akihiko
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: Kobe University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11650629/
• 关键词: shape of flame; fire spread; fire break; earthquake fire; fire resistant building; burn; opening; external wall; 類焼; 重量燃焼速度; 開口面積; 隣棟間隔

To find the effect of suppression of fire spread through elements of urban area, urban fire incidents in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed. Graphical data of fires in urban fires in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were collected. Shape of flames, heat release rate, velocities of fire spread and duration of fire were summarized and relationship between elements of urban area and weather condition are analyzed. As a result, it is cleared that building structures and condition affects heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning. For example, in case of existence of fire resistant buildings and collapsed buildings, heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning are small, in case of wide streets, area of simultaneous burning extends.As for fire resistant buildings, the factors relating the spread of fires from fire resistant buildings to adjacent buildings during the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship … More between the extent of fire damage and seismic damage to building structure, and between the characteristics, including building use, of the buildings of fire origin and occurrence of fire spread, (2)Relationship between occurrence of fire spread and distances between burnt and adjacent buildings and structure of adjacent buildings, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage to buildings and fire fighting of fire brigade.The caused of fire damage to fire resistant buildings and quasi fire resistant buildings in urban fire were also analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship between the damage and the type of windows including size, kind of glass, existence of balcony, the distance to burning buildings and those between extent of fire damage of exterior walls of the buildings, (2)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building and the characteristics of buildings including building usage, structure and dimensions, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building, the number of the face of the wall closes to a fire and the structure of burning building. Less

为了了解通过城市地区的要素抑制火灾蔓延的效果，对阪神淡路大地震中的城市火灾事件进行了分析，收集了阪神淡路大地震中的城市火灾的火焰形状、热量。总结了热释放速率、火蔓延速度和火灾持续时间，并分析了城市区域要素与天气条件之间的关系，明确了建筑结构和条件对热释放速率和同时燃烧面积的影响。例如，当存在耐火建筑物和倒塌建筑物时，放热率和同时燃烧面积较小，当街道较宽时，同时燃烧面积扩大。对于耐火建筑物，影响因素有： (1)火灾损害程度与建筑结构地震损害之间的关系，以及火灾建筑物的特征（包括建筑用途）之间的关系火灾蔓延的起因和发生情况；（2）火灾蔓延的发生情况与着火的相邻建筑物及相邻建筑物结构的距离的关系；（3）建筑物火灾损害程度与消防队灭火的关系。还从以下几个角度分析了城市火灾中耐火建筑和准耐火建筑的火灾损失情况：（1）损失与窗户类型的关系，包括尺寸、玻璃种类、是否有阳台、距燃烧的距离；建筑物和范围之间的建筑物建筑物外墙火灾损坏程度； (2)建筑物火灾损坏程度与建筑物用途、结构、尺寸等特点之间的关系； (3)建筑物火灾损坏程度之间的关系；靠近火灾的墙面和正在燃烧的建筑物的数量较少。

项目成果

A study on Relationship between Fire Break and Shape of Flame in the Urban fires after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.

阪神淡路大地震后城市火灾火灾断口与火焰形状关系研究

• 发表时间: 1999
• 期刊: Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan Vol.34
• 作者: 村田 明子;村田 明子;Murata Akiko;Murata Akiko;関藤 幹人;横田 英邦;Sekitou Mikihito
• 通讯作者: Sekitou Mikihito

兵庫県南部地震時後の火災における耐火造・準耐火造建物の類焼要因

兵库县南部地震后导致防火和半防火建筑火灾蔓延的因素

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 日本建築学会計画系論文集 553
• 作者: 村田 明子;村田 明子
• 通讯作者: 村田 明子

阪神・淡路大震災の市街地火災における火炎形状と延焼遮断効果に関する研究

阪神淡路大地震后城市火灾火焰形状及火蔓延阻滞效果研究

• 发表时间: 1999
• 期刊: 日本都市計画学会学術研究論文集 34
• 作者: 村田 明子;村田 明子;Murata Akiko;Murata Akiko;関藤 幹人
• 通讯作者: 関藤 幹人

阪神・淡路大震災に於ける耐火造建築物の延焼要因

阪神淡路大地震期间防火建筑火灾蔓延的因素

• 发表时间: 1999
• 期刊: 日本都市計画学会学術研究論文集 34
• 作者: 村田 明子;村田 明子;Murata Akiko;Murata Akiko;関藤 幹人;横田 英邦
• 通讯作者: 横田 英邦

北後明彦: "阪神・淡路大震災の市街地火災における火炎形状と延焼動態に関する研究"日本火災学会研究発表会概要集. 平成11年度. 106-109 (1999)

Akihiko Kitago：“阪神淡路大地震引起的城市火灾中火焰形状和火势蔓延动力学的研究”日本火灾研究所研究报告摘要，1999 年。106-109 (1999)。