Theoretical Analysis of Environment and Foreign Direct Investment

环境与外商直接投资的理论分析

• 批准号: 11630013
• 负责人: ABE Kenzo
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11630013/
• 关键词: environment; foreign direct investment; comparative advantage; gains from trade; optimal tax; consumption tax; production tax; tariff; 環境政策; 戦略的貿易政策; 再生可能環境資源; 南北貿易; コモンズ

The results of this research are composed of two papers on environment and foreign direct investment (FDI).The first paper (chapter) analyzed how environment affects the structure of comparative advantages and gains from trade. Defining the environment as a natural environment, we assume that the private property rights on the natural resource are fully applied in a developed country, but the usage of the natural resource is ruled by commons in a developing country. Both countries are assumed to be identical in all respect other than the property right system on the natural resource. The main results pointed out that (1) the developing country has a comparative advantage in the natural resource intensive good in a short-run, but she may loose it in the long-run, and (2) the developing country may lose from trade in the short-run, but she may gain from trade in the long-run.The second paper (chapter) analyzed the structure of the optimal taxation in a small open economy with FBI where the domestic consumption emits pollution. We show the following results. In the case where only a consumption tax is available, the tax should be equal to the marginal damage of the domestic consumption. In the case where a domestic production tax and import tariff are available, the production tax should be higher than the import tariff and the import tariff should be equal to the marginal damage if there exist FDI. On the other hand, without FDI, both the production tax and import tariff should be equal to the marginal damage. This result implies that a presence of FDI plays an important role in the optimal tax and tariff structure.

本研究的成果由关于环境和外国直接投资（FDI）的两篇论文组成。第一篇论文（第一章）分析了环境如何影响比较优势结构和贸易收益。将环境定义为自然环境，我们假设在发达国家，自然资源的私有产权得到充分运用，但在发展中国家，自然资源的使用则受到公地的支配。除了自然资源产权制度之外，两国在所有方面都被认为是相同的。主要结果指出：（1）发展中国家在自然资源密集型产品上短期具有比较优势，但长期来看可能会丧失比较优势；（2）发展中国家可能会因贸易而遭受损失。短期来看，她可能会从贸易中获益。第二篇论文（第一章）通过FBI分析了小型开放经济体的最优税收结构，其中国内消费排放污染。我们展示了以下结果。在仅征收消费税的情况下，税收应等于国内消费的边际损害。在存在国内生产税和进口关税的情况下，生产税应高于进口关税，如果存在外国直接投资，进口关税应等于边际损害。另一方面，如果没有外国直接投资，生产税和进口关税都应等于边际损害。这一结果表明，外国直接投资的存在在优化税收和关税结构中发挥着重要作用。