Labor Migration of Highlanders of Northern Thailand : Research on the Mien-Yao's Labor Migration and Its Social Influences

泰北高地人的劳动力迁移:缅瑶族劳动力迁移及其社会影响研究

• 批准号: 08041050
• 负责人: YOSHINO Akira
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Gakugei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041050/
• 关键词: the Mien-Yao (the Yao); labor migration; highlanders of Thailand; swiddener; logging ban; agricultural change; international labor migration; socio-cultural change; 農業外就労; 労働力移動; ミエン・ヤオ族; ヤオ族; 焼,畑耕作民; 帰村; 農村-都市労働力移動

To understand an overall trend of the labor migration of the Mien-Yao (Yao) in Northern Thailand, we conducted the questionnaire investigation to the village headmen in 76 Yao villages, about half the number of all Yao villages in Thailand at the first phase of the research. We collected data concerning the general conditions such as population, agriculture and other occupations, education, traffic and others, and the situation of labor migration of each village. As a result, we found that there were regional differences in the conditions of labor migration such as jobs, destinations and others. As for overseas labor migration, a lot of regional differences at the province-level and the district-level are large. We found that cases of overseas migration were concentrated in a region around Chiang Kham and Pong districts of Phayao Province and a region of northern part of Chiang Rai Province. On the other hand, there were characteristically few cases of overseas labor migration in Nan P … More rovince.At the second phase of research, we selected twelve villages from among the 76 villages investigated. The twelve villages were classified into three categories ; (1) villages with many overseas and inland labor migrants, (2) villages with many inland labor migrants and (3) villages with relatively few labor migrants. We carried out the household-survey and the interviewing with persons who have worked outside the village and returned in the twelve villages. The complementary investigation was conducted at the third phase of research.The labor migration as a whole has been much increased since 1990. Its main push-factor was the slump of swidden cultivation caused by the environmental change in the hills and by the logging ban policy of the government, and its main pull-factor was the economic boom in East and Southeast Asia (ecological and economic factors). The agricultural change increased the necessity of investigation in cultivation and the increase of nuclear family also acted as a promoting factor of migration. Another factor was their grading-oriented tendency and upward intention that were observed in their ritual and world-view. The tendency was transformed into the competition in building new houses and making fruit orchards. In some region, traditional technique that could be applied in a new occupation also accelerated the inland migration. Education was a large accelerating factor of the inland labor migration. As for the overseas labor migration, the regional information network acts as a promoting factor.The influences of the labor migration were observed in phenomena such as the increase of educational investment, the improvement of female status, the increase of competition in prestige within a village, and the increase of cases of inter-ethnic marriages. Less

为了了解泰国北部的Mien-Yao（YAO）劳动迁移的总体趋势，我们向76个Yao村庄的村长进行了调查表投资，这是研究第一阶段的所有Yao村庄的一半。我们收集了有关人口，农业和其他事件，教育，交通等一般条件的数据，以及每个村庄的劳动迁移状况。结果，我们发现劳动迁移的条件（例如工作，目的地和其他人）存在区域差异。至于海外劳动迁移，该省级别和地区级别的地区差异很大。我们发现，海外迁移的案件集中在恰格·卡姆（Chiang Kham）周围的一个地区和帕耶省（Phayao Province）的邦区（Pong）地区，以及清莱省北部地区的一个地区。另一方面，海外服务的案例很少。 Nan P的实验室迁移……更多的Rovince。在第二阶段，我们从调查的76个村庄中选择了十二个村庄。十二个村庄分为三类。 （1）拥有许多海外和内陆劳工移民的村庄，（2）拥有许多内陆劳工移民的村庄以及（3）相对劳动移民的村庄。我们进行了家庭调查以及对村外工作并在十二个村庄返回的人进行的采访。完整的研究是在研究的第三阶段进行的。自1990年以来，整个工党的迁移就大大增加了。其主要推动因素是由于山丘的环境变化以及政府的伐木禁令政策而引起的耕种蓬勃发展，其主要拉力因素是东亚和东南亚东南亚的经济繁荣（生态和经济因素）。提高了耕种投资的必要性质和核家族的增加也是移民的促进者。另一个因素是他们的仪式和世界观中观察到的面向评分的趋势和向上意图。趋势转变为建造新房屋和制作果园的竞争。在某些地区，可以在新事件中应用的传统技术也加速了内陆迁移。教育是内陆劳动迁移的一个很大的加速因素。至于海外劳动迁移，区域信息网络是促销因素。在现象中观察到劳动移民的影响，例如教育投资的增加，女性地位的提高，村庄内威信竞争的提高以及族裔间婚姻案件的增加。较少的

项目成果

Yoshino, Akira: "Migration by Swiddeners and Migration by Ancestors, ; The Ethnicity and Migration of the Mien of Northern thailand (In Japanese) ." Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS). vol.35 no.4. 132-152 (1998)

吉野彰：“瑞典人的迁移和祖先的迁移；泰国北部风族的种族和迁移（日语）”。

吉野 晃: "焼畑から出稼ぎへ-タイにおけるミエン・ヤオ族の出稼ぎに関する調査の中間報告-" 東京学芸大学紀要・第三部門・社会科学. 第50集. 81-90 (1999)

吉野晃：“从刀耕火种到农民工——泰国缅瑶农民工调查中期报告”，东京学艺大学学报，社会科学第50卷，81-90。

Yoshino, Akira: "From Swidden to Labor Migration : An Interim Report of a Research on the Labor Migration of the Mien-Yao of Thailand (In Japanese) ." Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, section III,Social Sciences. Vol.50. 81-90 (1999)

吉野彰：“从流动到劳务移民：泰国缅瑶劳务移民研究中期报告（日文）”。

吉野 晃: "焼畑に伴う移住と祖先の移住-タイのミエン・ヤオ族における移住とエスニシティ-" 東南アジア研究. 35巻4号. 153-170 (1998)

吉野彰：“与刀耕火种耕作有关的迁徙和祖先迁徙——泰国缅瑶族的迁徙和种族”，《东南亚研究》，第 35 卷，第 4 期，153-170（1998 年）。

吉野 晃: "焼畑に伴う移住と祖先の移住ータイのミエン・ヤオ族における移住とエスニシティー" 東南アジア研究. 35・4. 153-170 (1998)

吉野彰：“与刀耕火种耕作有关的迁徙和祖先迁徙——泰国缅瑶族的迁徙和种族”，《东南亚研究》，153-170。