A formation of nation-state and social politics in nineteenth-century Germany

十九世纪德国民族国家和社会政治的形成

• 批准号: 09610400
• 负责人: TANAKA Masaru
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Naruto University of Education (1999-2000)Kagoshima Women's Junior College (1997-1998)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610400/
• 关键词: social insurances; self-government; Gemeinschaft (community); social conservatism; paternalism; social liberalism; trade unions; nation-state; 帝国保険局; 地域疾病金庫; ゲマインシャフト; 社会調和; 社会紛争; ゲマインシャフト原理; 仲間・近隣関係; 労働者ミリュー(社会文化圏); 職業; 名誉; 廃疾保険の優先; 任意

The social insurances in Germany, above all the sickness insurance (1883) and the accident insurance (1884) can be interpreted as an attempt to made a new social tie that is able to restore the lost harmony.Institutions of the social insurances are based on the principle of self-government that is gemeinschaftlich (communally) developed. Gemeinschaft (community) is an actual compensation after disappearance of Stande (estates) and corporation.However Gemeinschft was differently defined and even in groups. The social conservatism defined Gemeinschaft as paternal social relations. In Gemeinschaft one group of the social conservatism saw a chance, the lost local-vocational structuralized paternalism again to construct. For another group, a realization of national Gemeinschaft under a patronage of state could secure a social stableness.For the social liberalism, Gemeinschaft was a place to attain an economical and intellectual independent. From these perspectives, they were zealous protectors of a trade union' freedom. In trade unions they saw instruments of negotiations and means to produce an equivalence in a state.The laws passed 1883 and 1884 were a political compromise between the two groups of the social conservatism. In the course of time, however, a liberal interpretation of the laws is gained acceptance at sacrifice of the social conservative concepts. Through their praxis, self-government became an expression-form of the social liberalism. An exchange of the paradigm fixed an order of social life in German nation-state.

德国的社会保险，最重要的是，疾病保险（1883年）和事故保险（1884年）可以解释为试图建立一种新的社会关系，能够恢复丢失的和谐。社会保险的规定是基于开发的gemeinschaftlich（公共）的自治原则。 Gemeinschaft（社区）是Stande（庄园）和公司消失后的实际薪酬。gemeinschft的定义不同，甚至在群体中。社会保守主义将吉琳夏夫特定义为父亲的社会关系。在Gemeinschaft，一组社会保守主义看到了机会，又失去了当地国家的结构化家长式主义。对于另一个群体而言，在国家赞助下对民族格林夏夫特的认识可以确保社会稳定性。对于社会自由主义，吉尔明斯夏夫特（Gemeinschaft）是获得经济和知识分子独立的地方。从这些角度来看，它们是工会自由的热心保护者。在工会中，他们看到了谈判的手段和在一个州实现等价的手段。1883年和1884年通过的法律是两组社会保守主义之间的政治妥协。然而，随着时间的流逝，对法律的自由解释被牺牲了社会保守概念而得到接受。通过他们的实践，自治成为社会自由主义的表达形式。范式的交换固定了德国民族国家的社会生活顺序。