THE PREVENTION OF INDOOR AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS

预防室内空气污染物

基本信息

批准号：
07455234
负责人：
SUGAWARA Fumiko
金额：
$ 3.71万
依托单位：
Koriyama Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research on the relation between the ventilation rate and the amount of cedar pollen and pesticide indoors had been conducted in 1995 and 1996. A study examining the influence of emissions from diesel vehicles on indoor pollutants was performed in 1997. In recent years, the phenomenon that emissions from diesel vehicles cause residents on busy main roads to develop respiratory diseases such as asthma has been drawing attention from both medical and engineering point of view and animal tests concerning this occurrence has already started in the medical field. We, as a member of engineering field, try to determine whether emission from diesel vehicles can be one of the main contributors to the indoor pollutants in this study. The amount of indoor dust generated from outdoor sources and outdoor dust was measured with Low Volume Dust Sampler and Andersen Sampler.The characteristics between outdoor and indoor pollutants were assessed, analyzing the distribution of particle diameter in exhaust gases including diesel emission.The particles measured in the present study was confirmed very fine.The results derived from all the experiments demonstrate that the amount of the submicron particles (ranging from 0.5 to 1.0mum) captured in the lower two stages of Andersen Sampler was much greater indoors than outdoors, and that decreasing the efficiency of ventilation led to the higher concentrations of submicron particles indoors. These findings were compatible with the previous study in which the concentration of pollen indoors was much higher than outdoors. Taken together, submicron particles can be hardly removed from indoor environments with low efficiency of ventilation. Therefore, they may be transported freely from outside and become hazardous factor for human health. In further study, the adequate amount of ventilation should be determined to limit submicron indoor pollutants.

1995年和1996年进行了通风率与室内雪松花粉和农药量之间关系的研究。1997年进行了一项研究柴油车排放对室内污染物的影响。近年来，这种现象柴油车排放的废气导致繁忙主干道上的居民患上哮喘等呼吸系统疾病，这一现象已引起医学界和工程学界的关注，医学领域已经开始针对这一事件进行动物试验。作为工程领域的一员，我们在本研究中试图确定柴油车的排放是否是室内污染物的主要贡献者之一。采用低量粉尘采样器和安德森采样器测量室外源产生的室内灰尘量和室外灰尘量。评估室外和室内污染物之间的特征，分析包括柴油机排放在内的废气中的颗粒直径分布。目前的研究被证实非常好。所有实验的结果表明，Andersen Sampler 的下两级捕获的亚微米颗粒（范围从 0.5 到 1.0mum）的量在室内比室外多得多，通风效率的降低导致室内亚微米颗粒浓度更高。这些发现与之前的研究一致，即室内花粉浓度远高于室外。综合起来，亚微米颗粒物很难从通风效率低的室内环境中去除。因此，它们可能会从外界自由运输，成为危害人类健康的因素。在进一步的研究中，应确定足够的通风量以限制亚微米室内污染物。