Characterization and minimization of health risks by desinfection and oxidation by-products in drinking water treatment process

饮用水处理过程中消毒和氧化副产物的健康风险表征和最小化

• 批准号: 07405025
• 负责人: AIZAWA Takako
• 金额: $ 3.84万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Public Health
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07405025/
• 关键词: drinkingwater; disinfection by-product; bromate; quantitative structure activity relationsip; toxicity estimation; health risk; 代替消毒剤; オゾン処理; 臭素酸イオン; 安全性評価; 水道; 消毒; 副生成物; 塩素; オゾン; 二酸化塩素; クロラミン

Water oxidation is one of necessary unit process in drinking water treatment, especially for disinfection or pretreatment of micropollutants. Chlorination and ozonation are most popular oxidation processes in conventional and advanced treatment process. Besides chlorination yields chlorination by-products such as trihalomethane, ozonation yields bromate, bromide-containing oxidation by-product, which is a strong carcinogen.Analytical conditions of bromate using ionchromatography along with pretreatment of silver cartridge and borate elluent was established in our study. The quantitative detection limit was 2 mug/l. Bromate was found in several drinking water treatment processes in japan.Formation of bromate depends on bromide concentration in raw water, ozonation conditions and co-existing constituents. In laboratory-scale ozonation experiments of natural river water, bromate formation was inhibited by coexisting organic matters in original water, while total organic halides (TOX) and … More aldehydes were increased. Phosphate also worked as a scavenger to inhibit bromate formation in ozonation.Bromate concentration in an experimental ozonation plant was observed. Bromate concentration was correlated with ozone dose and temperature. Since elimination of bromate with following GAC/BAC process was difficult, control of bromate formation in ozonation is necessary.Health risk of bromate was estimated relatively high compared to other organic by-products formed in oxidation. In some cases, life time cancer risk of bromate elevated to 10^<-4> level. Toxicity of other organic oxidation by-products were estimated using QSAR,quantitative structure activity relationship. Bromide substituents with chlorination by-products showed stronger potential of toxicity. Out of 29 mouse and rat carcinogenicity estimation data for halogenated organic substances, 86% (25 cases) were matched with experimental results. Risk estimation and minimization can be applied for selecting alternative disinfectants. Less

水氧化是饮用水处理中必要的单位过程之一，尤其是用于消毒或预处理微量污染物。氯化和臭氧化是常规和晚期治疗过程中最流行的氧化过程。除氯化外，还产生了氯化副产品，例如三甲烷，有机产量，含溴化物的氧化副产品，这是一种强癌。在我们的研究中，使用离子色谱法的分析条件以及用银色墨盒的预处理以及骨质的Elluent在我们的研究中建立了。定量检测极限为2 mug/l。在日本的几个饮用水处理过程中发现了溴酸盐。崩溃的形式取决于原水，臭氧化条件和共存宪法的溴化物浓度。在天然河水的实验室规模的经济实验中，原始水中的有机物质共存抑制了溴酸盐的形成，而总有机卤化物（TOX）和…增加了更多醛。磷酸盐还可以作为抑制臭氧代理形成的清道夫。观察到实验氧合植物中的溴化浓度。溴化物浓度与臭氧剂量和温度相关。由于溴酸盐随后的GAC/BAC过程的进化很困难，因此必须控制冰佐尔中的溴化物形成。与氧化中形成的其他有机副产物相比，溴酸盐的健康风险相对较高。在某些情况下，生命时间癌症的风险升高到10^<-4>水平。使用QSAR，定量结构活性关系估算了其他有机氧化副产品的毒性。具有氯化副产品的溴化物取代基表现出强大的毒性潜力。在29个小鼠和大鼠癌性估计数据中，有机物质的数据与实验结果相匹配86％（25例）。风险估计和最小化可用于选择替代消毒剂。较少的

项目成果

眞柄 泰基(監修)水道水質問題研究会(編著): "水道の水質調査法[水源から給水栓まで]" 技報堂出版, 351 (1997)

Yasuki Makara（监督），供水质量问题研究组（编辑）：“自来水质量调查方法[从水源到消火栓]”Gihodo Publishing，351（1997）

Takako Aizawa: Hygienic Water Quality (in Japane), Mitsumi Kaneko ed.Gihodo, Tokyo, (1996)

Takako Aizawa：卫生水质（日文），Mitsumi Kaneko ed.Gihodo，东京，（1996 年）

浅見真理、相沢貴子、眞柄泰基: "オゾン処理による臭素酸イオンの生成における共存有機物の影響" 水環境学会誌. 19(11). 930-936 (1996)

Mari Asami、Takako Aizawa、Yasumoto Manara：“共存有机物对臭氧处理产生溴酸盐离子的影响”日本水环境学会杂志 19(11) 930-936 (1996)。

Mari Asami, Takako Aizawa, Takayuki Morioka, Nobuyuki Hashimoto, wataru Nishijima, Akihisa Tabata, Yasumoto Magara: "Occurrence and BAC removal of bromate ions in drinking water treatment process" 13th Ozone World Congress, Kyoto, Japan, 1997.10.

Mari Asami、Takako Aizawa、Takayuki Morioka、Nobuyuki Hashimoto、wataru Nishijima、Akihisa Tabata、Yasumoto Magara：“饮用水处理过程中溴酸根离子的发生和 BAC 去除”第 13 届臭氧世界大会，日本京都，1997.10。

Yasumoto Magara, supervised, Research Group on Drinkingwater Quality ed.: Methods for Water Quality Survey-From Source Water to Tap Water- (in Japanese). Gihodo, Tokyo, (1996)

Yasumoto Magara，指导，饮用水质量研究小组编辑：水质调查方法 - 从水源水到自来水 - （日语）。