The Origin of Chinese as Considered from the Typological Status of Karen among the Tibet-Burman Group of Languages

从克伦语在藏缅语系中的类型地位看汉语的起源

基本信息

批准号：
06801064
负责人：
FUJII Fumio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Ibaraki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06801064/
关键词：
Linguistic Typology Linguistic Universals Syntax Tibeto-Burman Burman Languages Creole Linguistic Change Linguistic Genealogy 総括論(文法論)言語普通論 Typology Nniversals Creolization Tibeto-Burman Karen Burman Sino-Tibetan Chinese

项目摘要

The present research was planned to serve as an elementary case study investigating into mechanisms of diachronic development in natural languages from a viewpoint of the notion of "creolization". By way of thoroughly clarifying the systematic function of syntactic structures of a historically not well-documented language, concretely Karen in the present case, it should be attempted, as a whole, at determining the linguistic type of this language. As is repeatedly hinted upon in the main part of this report, however, there has been little information on Karen hitherto. It is, therefore, only natural that the main purpose of the present research lies in gathering and analyzing linguistic data from this language as a kind of preparatory research for a more general investigation to be carried out before long.As has been expected from the beginning, linguistic data which document the emergence of the Karen language are altogether lacking and historical records apparently indicating diachro … More nic changes-concretely from "verb-final" to "verb-medial" syntax-are not available, either. However, the result of the present systematic investigation into the syntactic structures of the present-day Karen unequivocally points out that another "grammatical gravitation" than the one just after the topic must be assumed at the end of the sentence, suggesting syntactic patterns are (still) mapped "verb-finally" in part. Although this fact does not immediately hint upon the "creolizing" character of the language, it strongly suggests that Karen may be typified as a kind of "hybrid" language, exactly as Modern Chinese, showing both characteristics of the "verb-final" and the "verb-medial" syntaxs in spite of its placement of the syntactic verb at the medial position directly after the topic-NP.Interestingly enough from a general linguistic point of view, Karen also shows the so-called "Verb Serialization" as a possible pass-way of syntactic change. While the medial placement of the syntactic verb may have been caused rather "accidentally" as the stage of pidgin, the further development of the syntactic change exactly indicate the creolization of Karen, whereby the systematic status of the "grammatical gravitation" at the end of the sentence may play an extra-ordinary important role. As so much basic data have been collected to contribute to issues in general linguistics, we may now expect to profit much from further general in vestigations utilizing typological comparison with the surrounding languages in this region. Less

本研究计划作为一个基本的案例研究，从“克里奥尔化”概念的角度来调查自然语言的历时发展机制，以彻底阐明历史上不完善的句法结构的系统功能。 -记录的语言，特别是本案中的凯伦语，应该从整体上尝试确定该语言的语言类型，然而，正如本报告的主要部分反复暗示的那样，关于该语言的信息很少。凯伦至今.It因此，很自然的是，本研究的主要目的在于从该语言中收集分析和语言数据，作为不久将进行的更广泛调查的一种准备研究。正如一开始所预期的那样，记录克伦语出现的语言数据完全缺乏，而且历史记录显然表明了历时性的变化——具体地说是从“动词尾部”到“动词中间”语法——然而，也没有可用的结果。目前的系统调查当今凯伦的句法结构明确指出，在句子末尾必须假定除了主题之后的另一个“语法引力”之外，这表明句法模式（仍然）部分映射为“动词最终”。尽管这一事实并没有立即暗示该语言的“克里奥尔化”特征，但它强烈表明克伦语可能是一种“混合”语言，就像现代汉语一样，显示出克伦语的两种特征。 “动词结尾”和“动词中间”语法，尽管其将句法动词直接放置在主题 NP 之后的中间位置。有趣的是，从一般语言学的角度来看，凯伦还展示了所谓的“动词序列化”作为句法变化的可能途径而句法动词的居中放置可能是洋泾浜语阶段相当“偶然”造成的，是句法变化的进一步发展。准确地表明凯伦语的克里奥尔化，句尾的“语法引力”的系统地位可能发挥着非同寻常的重要作用，因为已经收集了如此多的基础数据来为一般语言学问题做出贡献，我们可以。现在预计可以从利用与该地区周围语言的类型学比较的进一步一般研究中获益匪浅。