A Comparative Study in Public Subsidies to Higher Education in Japan and the US

日美高等教育公共补助比较研究

• 批准号: 06610258
• 负责人: MARUYAMA Fumihiro
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Sugiyama Jogakuen University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610258/
• 关键词: Public Subsidies; Higher Education; 私立大学; アメリカ高等教育; 教育政策; 所得再分配; 租税負担率; 高等教育進学率; 教育と経済成長

Public subsidies to higher education are designed to help to expand the private demand to higher education and to achieve equal opportunity for it. This is usually done by subsidizing institutions which are supposed to decrease tuition fees and to increase students from less affluent families. But this lower tuition policy has been criticized from the fact that higher education institutions have not attracted students from low income families. Rather lower tuition policy consequently provides higher education service to affluent students with low cost. This is criticized by reproducing the inequality that the poorer provides higher education to the richer. Thus it is often proposed that individual subsidy by such as scholarship is preferred to institutional subsidy which often neglects students' economic needs.This paper analyzes the distributional effects of higher education subsidies in Japan. Both the distribution of higher education subsidies received by income groups and the distribution of taxs paid by income groups are examined. Using empirical data, the enrollment rates of five different income groups are compared to the tax burden of equivalent groups. The result showsthat the enrollment rates of five different income groups are approximately proportional to the tax burden of five grops though there are small exceptions.

对高等教育的公共补贴旨在帮助扩大私人对高等教育的需求并实现高等教育机会均等。这通常是通过补贴机构来实现的，这些机构本应降低学费并增加来自不太富裕家庭的学生。但这种降低学费的政策却因高等教育机构未能吸引低收入家庭的学生而受到批评。较低的学费政策为富裕学生提供了低成本的高等教育服务。这受到了批评，因为它再现了穷人向富人提供高等教育的不平等。因此，人们常常提出，应该优先考虑奖学金等个人补贴，而不是机构补贴，而机构补贴往往忽视了学生的经济需求。本文分析了日本高等教育补贴的分配效应。收入群体收到的高等教育补贴的分配和收入群体缴纳的税款的分配都受到审查。使用经验数据，将五个不同收入群体的入学率与同等群体的税收负担进行比较。结果表明，五个不同收入群体的入学率与五个群体的税收负担大致成正比，尽管也有少数例外。

项目成果

丸山文裕: "戦後日本における大学政策と私立大学の行動" 椙山女学園大学研究論集. 第28巻. 295-305 (1997)

丸山文宏：《战后日本私立大学的大学政策与行为》杉山女学园大学研究集，第 28 卷，295-305（1997 年）。

丸山文裕: "高等教育サービスの受益と負担" 椙山女学園大学研究論集(社会科学篇). 27号. 129-143 (1996)

Fumihiro Maruyama：“高等教育服务的好处和负担”杉山女学园大学研究论文（社会科学版）第 27 期。129-143（1996 年）。

丸山文裕: "高等教育サービスの受益と負担" 椙山女学園大学研究論集. 27. 129-143 (1996)

Fumihiro Maruyama：“高等教育服务的好处和负担”杉山女学园大学研究论文 27. 129-143 (1996)。

丸山文裕: "戦後日本における大学政策と私立大学の行動" 椙山女学園大学研究論集. 28. 295-305 (1997)

Fumihiro Maruyama：“战后日本私立大学的大学政策和行为”杉山女学园大学研究论文 28. 295-305 (1997)。