Toronto Atmospheric Monitoring of Emissions (TAME): Evaluating progress and co-benefits while avoiding pitfalls on the way to net-zero

多伦多大气排放监测 (TAME)：评估进展和协同效益，同时避免实现净零排放的陷阱

• 批准号: 577141-2022
• 负责人: Wunch, DebraDB
• 金额: $ 36.43万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=762692
• 关键词: Toronto; Atmospheric; Monitoring; Emissions; TAME

Municipal governments control half of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions, and over 400 Canadian municipalities have committed to reducing emissions. Policy decisions are based on "bottom-up" inventories generated through accounting mechanisms, and while inventories contain crucial sectorial information, they cannot account for emissions that are unknown or inadvertent. "Top-down" emissions are derived from atmospheric measurements and are key for validating inventories and quantifying total emissions reductions. Together, bottom-up and top-down quantification provides the most powerful policy-relevant information.To demonstrate that we have achieved net-zero emissions by 2050, we must quantify urban emissions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) today and monitor their reductions over time, while identifying the policies that have made the most significant impacts. The Toronto Atmospheric Monitoring of Emissions (TAME) project will equip the Greater Toronto Area with atmospheric observatories to quantify emissions, validate and refine inventories, and provide timely information to governments to implement and verify the effects of emissions policies. This will be accomplished by measuring atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) themselves together with other tracers that serve as proxies for the sources of those emissions or emissions reductions. These tracers will include fluorinated compounds used in air source heat pumps that are themselves potent greenhouse gases, products of combustion and criteria air pollutants carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and urban vegetation sequestration information from greenness indices and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.We will engage with local, provincial, and federal agencies and community partners to ground our studies in local practices and connect them to policymakers.

市政府控制着加拿大一半的温室气体排放，加拿大 400 多个城市已承诺减少排放。政策决策基于通过核算机制生成的“自下而上”清单，虽然清单包含重要的部门信息，但它们无法解释未知或无意的排放。 “自上而下”的排放量来自大气测量，是验证清单和量化总减排量的关键。自下而上和自上而下的量化共同提供了最有力的政策相关信息。为了证明我们到 2050 年已实现净零排放，我们必须量化当今城市的甲烷 (CH4) 和二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放量，以及随着时间的推移，监测其减少情况，同时确定产生最重大影响的政策。多伦多大气排放监测（TAME）项目将为大多伦多地区配备大气观测站，以量化排放、验证和完善清单，并为政府提供及时信息，以实施和验证排放政策的效果。这将通过测量温室气体（二氧化碳和甲烷）本身的大气浓度以及作为这些排放或减排来源的代理的其他示踪剂来实现。这些示踪剂将包括空气源热泵中使用的氟化化合物，它们本身就是强效温室气体、燃烧产物和标准空气污染物一氧化碳（CO）和二氧化氮（NO2），以及来自绿色指数和太阳能诱导的城市植被固存信息叶绿素荧光测量。我们将与地方、省和联邦机构以及社区合作伙伴合作，将我们的研究立足于当地实践，并将其与政策制定者联系起来。