Expanding the water safety toolbox for small and decentralized drinking water systems using risk analysis, photocatalytic technologies, and pilot scale equipment

利用风险分析、光催化技术和中试设备扩展小型和分散式饮用水系统的水安全工具箱

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03620
• 负责人: Gora, Stephanie
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=758058
• 关键词: Expanding; water; safety; toolbox; small

Decentralized drinking water systems (DDWS) provide drinking water to millions of people around the world, including in Canada. DDWS often lack advanced water treatment and many communities that are served by DDWS have limited financial and operational capacity. Research suggests that these communities are more likely to be placed under boil water advisories and experience adverse water quality events than those served by piped distribution systems. Municipal drinking water treatment processes are not designed to operate at the low and intermittent flows that occur in DDWS. Novel treatment technologies that are effective at smaller scales and have limited material and energy inputs are key to maximizing water safety in DDWS. Photocatalytic technologies, which exploit the fact that some materials generate highly oxidative radicals when exposed to light of the correct wavelength, are promising for DDWS because they can provide concurrent disinfection and chemical contaminant removal and require few chemical inputs. I propose to explore water safety challenges in DDWS using advanced water quality analysis and modelling methods and to develop and demonstrate photocatalytic technologies that can remediate these challenges and are tailored to the needs of communities served by DDWS. My research team will document drinking water safety from source to tap in four representative DDWS in Canada. The results will be used to identify water safety hazards and build a risk-based predictive water safety model using machine learning principles. They will also inform the design and construction of a modular pilot apparatus that accurately simulates conditions at different points in DDWS. The modular pilot will provide a venue for the scale up and demonstration of photocatalytic technologies to improve drinking water safety in DDWS. It will also be easy to reconfigure and repurpose for other studies related to DDWS, including corrosion experiments and the evaluation of point of use and point of entry technologies. This research program will improve water safety in small and decentralized drinking water systems and empower communities to recognize and manage water safety hazards in their systems using cost-effective water technology. The students that participate in this research program will acquire in-depth understanding of water chemistry, photocatalysis, and drinking water treatment and management in Canada along with skills related to water sampling and analysis, experimental design, the design and operation of pilot equipment, and community engagement.

分散式饮用水系统 (DDWS) 为包括加拿大在内的世界各地数百万人提供饮用水。 DDWS 通常缺乏先进的水处理，并且 DDWS 服务的许多社区的财务和运营能力有限。研究表明，与管道分配系统服务的社区相比，这些社区更有可能受到沸水警告并经历不良水质事件。市政饮用水处理工艺不适用于 DDWS 中出现的低流量和间歇性流量。在较小规模下有效且材料和能源投入有限的新型处理技术是最大限度提高 DDWS 水安全的关键。光催化技术利用了某些材料在暴露于正确波长的光时会产生高氧化自由基的事实，对于 DDWS 来说很有前景，因为它们可以同时进行消毒和化学污染物去除，并且需要很少的化学输入。我建议使用先进的水质分析和建模方法来探索 DDWS 中的水安全挑战，并开发和演示可以解决这些挑战并根据 DDWS 服务的社区的需求量身定制的光催化技术。 我的研究团队将记录加拿大四个有代表性的 DDWS 从水源到水龙头的饮用水安全情况。结果将用于识别水安全隐患，并利用机器学习原理构建基于风险的预测水安全模型。他们还将为模块化试验装置的设计和构造提供信息，该装置可以准确模拟 DDWS 中不同点的条件。该模块化试点将为光催化技术的扩大和示范提供场所，以改善 DDWS 的饮用水安全。它还可以轻松地重新配置和重新用于与 DDWS 相关的其他研究，包括腐蚀实验以及使用点和进入点技术的评估。该研究计划将改善小型和分散式饮用水系统的水安全，并使社区能够利用具有成本效益的水技术识别和管理其系统中的水安全隐患。参加该研究项目的学生将深入了解加拿大的水化学、光催化、饮用水处理和管理，以及与水采样和分析、实验设计、中试设备的设计和操作以及相关的技能。社区参与。