Activity Measurements of Liquid Indium-Typical Metal and Thallium-Typical Metal Alloys using the Galvanic Cells with EMF Methods

使用原电池和 EMF 方法测量液态铟典型金属和铊典型金属合金的活性

基本信息

批准号：
63550482
负责人：
KAMEDA Kazuo
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Activities of liquid indium-base and thallium-base alloys are important not only from the standpoint of their behavior as impurities during nonferrous smelting but also of the physical chemistry of liquid alloys. Therefore, a study of activities of the liquid indium-typical metal and thallium-typical metal alloys has been carried out by the emf measurements using the Galvanic cells with zirconia and fused-salt electrolytes.The results obtained are summarized as follows ;(1) The activities of both components at 1000 K and 1200 K, 750 K and 1000 K in the liquid Sb-Tl and Bi-Tl alloys, respectively, indicate negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges. The activities of both components for the Bi-Tl alloys exhibit moderately greater negative deviations than those for the Sb-Tl alloys.(2) Activities of indium and bismuth at 900 K and 1200 K in the liquid Bi-In alloys showed negative deviations from Raoult's law almost whole concentration range. The activities … More of both components for the Sb-In alloys exhibit more negative deviations than those for the Bi-In alloy. Deviations of the activities of indium and copper from Raoult's law at 1050 K and 1250 K are positive for the indium-rich region and are negative for the copper-rich side of the liquid Cu-In alloys. Activities of liquid alloys composed of IB metals (Cu, Ag and Au) and indium have been discussed in terms of the alloy solution theory of Engel.(3) The activities of indium and thallium at 1000 K and 1200 K, 900 K and 950 K in the liquid Te-In and Te-Tl alloys, respectively, show large negative deviations from Raoult's law in the tellurium-rich regions and remarkable negative to positive deviations from ideality in the indium-rich and thallium-rich regions. The activities of tellurium at the same temperatures exhibits negative deviations from Raoult's law over the whole concentration ranges.(4) The activities of both components for all the alloys mentioned above approach the ideal lines with increasing temperature within the whole composition ranges. Less

液态铟基和铊基合金的活性不仅从它们在有色金属冶炼过程中作为杂质的行为角度来看很重要，而且从液态合金的物理化学角度来看也很重要。因此，对液态铟基和铊基合金的活性进行研究。使用氧化锆和熔盐电解质的原电池对铊典型金属合金进行了电动势测量。所得结果总结如下;(1) 液体 Sb-Tl 和 Bi-Tl 合金中两种组分分别在 1000 K 和 1200 K、750 K 和 1000 K 下的活性，在两种组分的整个浓度范围内与拉乌尔定律的负偏差指示。 Bi-Tl 合金表现出比 Sb-Tl 合金稍大的负偏差。 (2) 铟和液态 Bi-In 合金中的铋在 900 K 和 1200 K 几乎在整个浓度范围内都表现出与拉乌尔定律的负偏差。Sb-In 合金的两种成分的活性比 Bi-In 合金表现出更大的负偏差。 1050 K 和 1250 K 时，铟和铜的活度与拉乌尔定律的偏差对于富铟区域为正值，对于富集区域为负值。根据恩格尔合金溶液理论，讨论了IB金属（Cu、Ag和Au）与In组成的液态合金的富铜侧的活性。（3）In和In合金的活性。液态 Te-In 和 Te-Tl 合金中的铊分别在 1000 K 和 1200 K、900 K 和 950 K 下与拉乌尔合金表现出较大的负偏差在富碲区域，碲的活度在整个浓度范围内表现出与拉乌尔定律的负偏差，而在富铟和富铊区域，与理想值的显着负向正偏差。(4)上述所有合金的两种组分的活性随着温度的升高在整个成分范围内接近理想线。