Function of unconventional myosins as molecular motors: Mechanics and regulation (Funktion ungewöhnlicher Myosine als molekulare Motoren: Mechanik und Regulierung)

非常规肌球蛋白作为分子马达的功能：力学和调节

• 批准号: 5175394
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thierry Soldati
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Biochemistry
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 1998-12-31 至 2001-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5175394?language=en
• 关键词: Function; unconventional; myosins; molecular; motors

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is a very complex milieu and unraveling how its unique cytoarchitecture is achieved and maintained is a central theme of our research. The importance of filamentous-actin-directed, myosin-powered cargo transport was only recently realized, and direct connections of myosins to a variety of cellular tasks, such as cytokinesis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, polarized secretion and exocytosis, axonal transport etc., are slowly emerging. We investigate these processes in Dictyostelium discoideum, a powerful, genetically and biochemically tractable model organism. We identified two novel myosins, myoK and myoM, and completed their basic characterization. Future efforts include the identification of proteins that transduce the force of the myosin stroke to their cargo and govern the regulation of their activity. The molecular details of the mechanochemical transduction of energy by the muscle myosin and kinesins are currently being deciphered with unprecedented precision. Due to the very high degree of homology it is widely assumed that unconventional myosins function in a way very similar to myosin II. Nevertheless, in order to better understand the physiological importance of these molecules, we want to test experimentally all aspects of this hypothesis. The strategies presented here warrant an efficient dissection of myosin-powered movement and will significantly add to the understanding of intracellular trafficking and the regulation of cytoskeleton function.

真核细胞的细胞质是一个非常复杂的环境，揭示其独特的细胞结构是如何实现和维持的是我们研究的中心主题。丝状肌动蛋白引导、肌球蛋白驱动的货物运输的重要性直到最近才被认识到，肌球蛋白与各种细胞任务（如胞质分裂、吞噬作用、内吞作用、极化分泌和胞吐作用、轴突运输等）的直接联系正在被人们所认识。慢慢浮现出来。我们在盘基网柄菌（Dictyostelium discoideum）中研究这些过程，盘基网柄菌是一种强大的、遗传和生化上易于处理的模式生物。我们鉴定了两种新型肌球蛋白 myoK 和 myoM，并完成了它们的基本表征。未来的努力包括鉴定将肌球蛋白中风的力量转导至其货物并控制其活性调节的蛋白质。肌肉肌球蛋白和驱动蛋白机械化学能量转导的分子细节目前正在以前所未有的精度破译。由于高度同源性，人们普遍认为非常规肌球蛋白的功能与肌球蛋白 II 非常相似。然而，为了更好地理解这些分子的生理重要性，我们希望通过实验测试这一假设的各个方面。这里提出的策略保证了对肌球蛋白驱动的运动的有效剖析，并将显着增加对细胞内运输和细胞骨架功能调节的理解。