Households and demography at the time of the Mongol Empire –Comparing two valleys of Central Mongolia

蒙古帝国时期的家庭和人口统计——蒙古中部两个山谷的比较

• 批准号: 512944830
• 负责人: Dr. Susanne Reichert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/512944830?language=en
• 关键词: Households; demography; time; Mongol; Empire

Common notions of ecological foundations deemed necessary for the survival of cities would negate the very existence of such sites in the eastern steppes. With Karakorum, the former capital of the Mongol Empire in the Orkhon valley, and Khar Khul Khaany Balgas in the Khanui valley, we focus on two such cities. While we know where the people lived in broad, geographical terms, we do neither know how they lived nor how many they were. To ascertain people’s impact on their environment, we first need to arrive at a better understanding of their economic pursuits and scales of resource exploitation from their surroundings. Archaeologists of Bonn University have been invested in the archaeological exploration of Karakorum for more than twenty years, but all interpretations based on only one case study will lack plausibility, if similarly studied comparative data is missing. The research group and this subproject more specifically will therefore work within a strict systematic comparative framework. Comparative work among these cities has rarely been done so far and provides new avenues for a deeper understanding of Mongolian steppe urbanism. Recent surveys by Bonn University helped to shed light on the layout of the cities themselves, but we have only limited information of individual houses and their inhabitants. Moreover, archaeological research endeavors at Khar Khul Khaany Balgas have been very few so far. The site can thus be deemed as highly understudied and also almost untouched at the same time, which makes it a highly worthwhile object of study for the proposed project and a perfect testing ground to evaluate the urban impacts proposed within this research scheme. This project will approach these questions through 1) systematic pedestrian survey around satellite settlements and residences north of Karakorum with a focus on the identification of resource sites, 2) excavations in different areas of Khar Khul Khaany Balgas to uncover a variety of households and to establish the city’s timeline, as well as 3) excavations in a kiln site for the production of probably ceramic building materials nearby the city. These will be the first excavations in the city itself with modern digital techniques and procedures. These endeavors feed into the core question of urban impacts: the goal is to get a firm grip of the economic activities of households within Khar Khul Khaany Balgas, of the varied uses of the landscape north of Karakorum and furthermore of those activities which come with a heavy burden on resources (wood, water, clay) and waste products (exhaust gases, ash, slags), such as metal workshops or the operation of firing kilns. The results will contribute to key areas A (settlement system), B (utilization of resources), and C (provisioning the city). Taken together, the results will provide a fundamental background to explain the signals we will hopefully see in the environmental data gathered for key area D (environmental conditions).

被认为是城市生存所必需的生态基础的常见笔记将否定东部步骤中此类地点的存在。与Karakorum是Orkhon Valley的蒙古帝国的前首都Karakorum，以及Khanui Valley的Khar Khul Khaany Balgas，我们专注于两个这样的城市。虽然我们知道人们以广泛的地理术语生活在哪里，但我们不知道他们是如何生活的。为了确定人们对环境的影响，我们首先需要更好地了解他们从周围环境中剥削资源剥削的规模。波恩大学的考古学家已投资于karakorum的归档探索已有二十多年了，但是如果缺少类似研究的比较数据，则仅基于一个案例研究的所有解释都将缺乏合理性。因此，研究小组和该子项目更具体地将在严格的系统比较框架内工作。到目前为止，这些城市之间的比较工作很少已经完成，并为对蒙古草原城市主义的更深入了解提供了新的途径。波恩大学最近的调查有助于阐明城市本身的布局，但我们对单个房屋及其居民的信息有限。此外，到目前为止，Khar Khul Khanany Balgas的考古研究工作很少。因此，该站点可以被视为高度理解的，并且几乎同时也没有触及，这使其成为拟议项目的非常有价值的研究对象，并且是评估本研究计划中提出的城市影响的完美测试场所。该项目将通过1）围绕卫星定居点和卡拉科鲁姆以北的住所进行系统的行人调查来解决这些问题，重点是识别资源站点，2）在Khar Khar Khul Khany Balgas不同地区的发掘，以揭开各种家庭的范围，并在城市的时间表上建立了近距离建筑物的建筑物，并建立了杂货店的建筑。这些将是通过现代数字技术和程序中城市本身的第一批发掘。 These endeavors feed into the core question of urban impacts: the goal is to get a firm grip of the economic activities of households within Khar Khul Khaany Balgas, of the varied uses of the landscape north of Karakorum and furthermore of those activities which come with a heavy burn on resources (wood, water, clay) and waste products (exhaust gasses, ash, slags), such as metal workshops or the operation of firing kills.结果将有助于关键领域A（结算系统），B（资源利用）和C（供应城市）。综上所述，结果将提供一个基本的背景，以解释我们希望在针对D（环境条件）收集的环境数据中看到的信号。