Study on Application of Spreading Fire Simulation in Kanazawa's Built-up Areas

火灾蔓延模拟在金泽建成区的应用研究

基本信息

批准号：
16560557
负责人：
MASUTA Tatsuo
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Kanazawa Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16560557/
关键词：
extensive fire spreading fire fire control built-up area fire simulation model Kanazawa castle town Edo era シミュレーション

项目摘要

In the Edo feudal era, most of Kanazawa's buildings were made by wood and covered by wooden roof tiles. Once an extensive fire occurred, merchant houses (Machiya) were prone to the spreading fire with their wall touching one another, and yet Samurai residences (Bukeyashiki) acted as the fire retardant factor with their residences surrounded by trees and gardens.In the Edo period, there were 68 recorded extensive fires and 56.2% of them were fires with 50 to 300 buildings burnt down. This indicates that there was no effective fire retardant system once the fire became out of control. During the period of 162 years between 1706 and 1867 when Kanazawa was built-up to its full scale, close to 1000 buildings were burnt down annually excluding the largest fire with 10,000 houses burnt down. Major fires occurred mainly in spring with 44.8% of all fires and 61.6% of burnt houses concentrated in April and May. The direction of wind also has strong tendency with north, northeast and east wind oc … More cupied 79.9% of all fires. The city made extraordinary efforts to make the city fire resistant by means of fire towers at 82 locations, fire watch activities by both professional and volunteer firemen, and houses equipped with water pails for fires. The spread of fire was more damaging to Machiya areas as 65.1% of burnt areas was in Machiya areas, while Bukeyashiki areas were relatively safe.To reproduce the process of fires spreading in the Edo era, we built a simulation model which covers a major part of Kanazawa at that time. The model successfully simulated the process and extent of fire as it actually occurred in the Edo period. It reproduced the process of fires as they tend to spread along the streets in Machiya lines and to spread in a concentric pattern in Machiya areas. The model also showed that temples and Bukeyashiki avoided the spread of fire as their large estates and trees acted as fire retardant factors. The model also indicated that the pace of fire spread in the modern period is about a half of that in Edo era because buildings are more fire resistant with an exception of Bukeyashiki areas as the areas tend to be more crowded now.Our research has proved that the fire simulation model can reproduce the process and extent of fires that occurred in Edo era and compare fires in Edo era and those in the modern period. Less

在江户封建时代，卡纳泽（Kanazawa）的大多数建筑物由木材制成，被木制屋顶瓷砖覆盖。在江户时代，居住在树木和花园中。 1867年，近1000座建筑物每年都有最大的大火，其中有10,000座房屋燃烧，主要是在春季发生的44.8％的趋势。在所有大火中，有79.9％的城市在82个地点使城市消防塔和装备有水桶的房屋以供大火蔓延。 Machiya地区虽然Bukeyashiki地区相对安全。在Edo Era中复制射击过程，该模拟模型涵盖了卡纳泽（Kanazawa）的主要部分。火灾的过程往往沿着街道上的街道传播，在Machiya地区的同心顾客中散布。在江户时代，这是因为建筑物是防火的防火，但布基希基地区除外，因为要进行更多的研究的地区为消防公民模拟模型带来了江户时代的发生，并比较了江户时代的火灾和那些在江户时代的火灾和那些。现代时期。