Study on disaster by water in urban rivers and urban spaces

城市河流和城市空间水灾害研究

基本信息

批准号：
16510113
负责人：
TODA Keiichi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main results through this study are as follows.1. A simulation model is developed to express the rapid change of river water depth and the consequent inundation in urban river basin by heavy rainfall. The model constitutes a runoff model based on the kinematic wave model and a 2-D horizontal inundation model with unstructured meshes. Small rivers and ditches are incorporated into the unstructured meshes. The model is applied to Isahaya city area, Nagasaki city area and Uji city area in Japan. Through the simulation analysis, the degree of flood hazard possibility in the urban river basins is clarified.2. An inundation simulation model based on a storage pond model is developed which can treat inundation of both ground and underground spaces in urban area. The continuity equation, momentum equation and drop formula are used as the basic equations in the model. The model is applied to Fukuoka city and Kyoto city in Japan. The results show that the large inundation into underground malls and subways may occur in the case the river in both cities overflows.3. Underground inundation is one of the important problems solved urgently. One of the effective measures to reduce the damage of underground inundation is quick evacuation from there. Evacuation from underground spaces is studied by use of the real scale hydraulic models of staircases and doors. From the experimental results, it is found that the water depth of 0.3m at the entrance on the ground is the critical depth for evacuation from underground space through staircases, and the depth of 0.4m in front of the door is the limit to open the door.

这项研究的主要结果如下1。开发了一种模拟模型，以表达河水深度的迅速变化，并因大雨而在城市河流盆地造成淹没。该模型构成了基于运动波模型的径流模型和具有非结构化网格的2-D水平淹没模型。小河流和沟渠被纳入非结构化网格。该型号适用于日本的伊沙亚亚市地区，长崎市和乌吉市地区。通过模拟分析，阐明了城市河流盆地的洪水危害程度。2。开发了基于存储池模型的淹没模拟模型，该模型可以治疗城市地区的地面和地下空间的淹没。连续性方程，动量方程和下降公式用作模型中的基本方程。该模型适用于日本的福冈市和京都市。结果表明，在两个城市的河流中，可能会发生大量淹没地下购物中心和地铁。3。地下淹没是紧急解决的重要问题之一。减少地下淹没损害的有效措施之一是从那里迅速撤离。通过使用阶梯和门的真实液压模型研究地下空间的疏散。从实验结果中可以发现，地面入口处的水深为0.3m的水深度是从地下空间到楼梯的临界深度，门前的0.4m的深度是打开的极限门。