Global change effects on species distribution: space matters

全球变化对物种分布的影响：空间很重要

• 批准号: 203800-2009
• 负责人: Fortin, MarieJosee
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=523536
• 关键词: Global; change; effects; species; distribution

Species at all ecological level of organizations (individual, population, community) are affected by landscape spatial heterogeneity. In turn, such spatial heterogeneity is modified by the synergistic interactions among natural disturbances and global change (climate and landuse change). Examination of species spatial distributions and their dynamics through time can help to better understand the resulting effects of the combined ecological and environmental pressures that they are faced with. To disentangle the relative importance of these multiple pressures at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales, my long-term research objective is to develop spatial and spatio-temporal analytical methods to investigate the synergistic effects of natural disturbances and global change on species spatial distributions and persistence at multiple spatial scales and organizational levels. To this end, over the next five years my research group will investigate how species traits and species-level processes (individual movement, population dispersal, inter-specific interactions, predator-prey dynamics and community shifts) are affected by multiple disturbances. I will be focusing on a series of research projects that can be grouped into the following research objectives: (1) quantify the spatial dynamic of species distributions and assemblages; (2) investigate species spatial responses to landscape spatial heterogeneity as modified by disturbances and global change at the home range and geographical range levels; (3) modify undirected spatial graph algorithms designed for terrestrial landscapes in order to quantify (i) temporal connectivity, (ii) stream network (riverscape) directionally, (iii) predator-prey spatial interactions, and (iv) to compare and test for significant differences among spatial graphs based on landscape and genetic connectivity; and (4) integrate these new spatial and temporal graph algorithms to use them to select reserve networks that can functionally persist through time given forecasted global changes. These research projects will set the foundation of several future research avenues and analytical developments that will determine how space matters to the maintenance of biodiversity as well as species interactions through time.

组织的所有生态层面（个体、种群、群落）的物种都受到景观空间异质性的影响。反过来，这种空间异质性又被自然扰动和全球变化（气候和土地利用变化）之间的协同相互作用所改变。 检查物种空间分布及其随时间的动态变化有助于更好地了解它们所面临的生态和环境综合压力所产生的影响。 为了在适当的空间和时间尺度上理清这些多重压力的相对重要性，我的长期研究目标是开发空间和时空分析方法，以研究自然扰动和全球变化对物种空间分布和持久性的协同效应在多个空间尺度和组织层面。 为此，在接下来的五年中，我的研究小组将研究多重干扰如何影响物种特征和物种层面的过程（个体移动、种群扩散、种间相互作用、捕食者-猎物动态和群落转变）。 我将重点关注一系列研究项目，这些项目可分为以下研究目标：（1）量化物种分布和组合的空间动态； (2) 研究在栖息地和地理范围水平上受干扰和全球变化影响的物种对景观空间异质性的空间响应； (3) 修改为陆地景观设计的无向空间图算法，以便量化 (i) 时间连通性，(ii) 定向流网络（河流景观），(iii) 捕食者-猎物空间相互作用，以及 (iv) 进行比较和测试基于景观和遗传连通性的空间图之间存在显着差异； (4) 集成这些新的空间和时间图算法，以使用它们来选择可以在给定预测的全球变化的情况下在功能上持续存在的储备网络。 这些研究项目将为未来的一些研究途径和分析发展奠定基础，这些途径和分析发展将确定空间对维持生物多样性以及物种随时间相互作用的影响。