Design of Chemical Systems Based on the Principle of Self-organization under Nonequilibrium

非平衡状态下基于自组织原理的化学体系设计

基本信息

批准号：
15560649
负责人：
SHIOI Akihisa
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15560649/
关键词：
nonlinear and nonequilibrium self-organization oil water interface spontaneous regulated motion reaction-diffusions stem oscillatory chemical zoning fine particle gel 周期組成変動

项目摘要

(1) Regulation of spontaneous flow due to the principle of self-organizationWe investigated how and why a spontaneous regulated motion of an interface appears in iodide-containing nitrobenzene and water interface. The aqueous phase contains cationic surfactant. Two significant processes play roles. One is a periodic change in contact angle of the oil/water interface along the sidewall of a sample container. This is induced by a periodic ad/desorption with the chemical reaction. This wetting transition is rather fast, but the meniscus shape cannot become a stable form at the same time. Then, the hydrodynamic instability is induced for the recovery of the stability of the meniscus shape. This is the other process. As another system, we studied how and why the oil/water interface can detect a specified cation species and begins to move. For this purpose, we investigated the dependency of the spontaneous motion on the cation species. While the anionic surfactant react with all of the catio … More ns, the high reactivity under a wide range of pH's and a strong attractive interaction between the reaction products are necessary. These can be a trigger of the hydrodynamic instability.(2) Design of microstructures within fine particles due to the reaction-diffusion systemCounter-diffusion of cations and an anion in a gel-column generates a solid-solution around the center of the column. We used Ba^<2+> and Sr^<2+> (or Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+>) as the cations and SO_4^<2-> (or CO_3^<2->) as the anion and studied the fine structure and the chemical zoning. It was concluded that the gel controls the diffusion rate of the cations, i.e., the diffusion rate of cations are sensitively dependent on the physicochemical nature of the gel and the process of gelation. Thus, the diffusion rate of a certain cation is quite different from that of the other cation. As a result of this, the gel controls the microstructure and chemical zoning of the solid solution.Physicochemical studies of the regulated spontaneous motion of fluid and the formation of the microstructures are not only necessary for the application to chemical engineering but also can be the first step for the design of chemical systems which seems to be a living matter. For example, the system moves spontaneously with an appropriate response against an environmental change and deposits solid matter with an ordered microstructure. Less

(1)基于自组织原理的自发流动调节我们研究了含碘化物硝基苯和水界面中如何以及为何出现界面自发调节运动，其中两个重要过程发挥了作用。是沿样品容器侧壁的油/水界面的接触角的周期性变化，这是由化学反应的周期性吸附/解吸引起的。弯月面形状不能同时变成稳定形式，然后，为了恢复弯月面形状的稳定性，我们研究了油/水界面如何以及为何。可以检测特定的阳离子种类并开始移动，为此，我们研究了自发运动对阳离子种类的依赖性，而阴离子表面活性剂与所有阳离子发生反应，在很宽的范围内具有高反应性。 pH 值和反应产物之间的强吸引力相互作用是必要的。这些可能是流体动力学不稳定的触发因素。(2)由于反应扩散系统，凝胶柱中产生阳离子和阴离子的反向扩散，因此设计了细颗粒内的微观结构。我们使用 Ba^<2+> 和 Sr^<2+>（或 Ca^<2+> 和 Mg^<2+>）作为阳离子，以SO_4^<2->（或CO_3^<2->）为阴离子，研究其精细结构和化学分区，得出凝胶控制阳离子的扩散速率，即阳离子的扩散速率为敏感地取决于凝胶的物理化学性质和凝胶化过程，因此，某种阳离子的扩散速率与其他阳离子的扩散速率有很大不同，因此凝胶控制着微观结构和凝胶化过程。固溶体的化学分区。对流体受控自发运动和微观结构形成的物理化学研究不仅对于化学工程的应用是必要的，而且可以是化学系统设计的第一步，这似乎是一个化学系统设计的第一步。例如，系统会自发地移动，对环境变化做出适当的反应，并沉积具有有序微观结构的固体物质。