Design of Chemical Systems Based on the Principle of Self-organization under Nonequilibrium

非平衡状态下基于自组织原理的化学体系设计

基本信息

批准号：
15560649
负责人：
SHIOI Akihisa
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15560649/
关键词：
nonlinear and nonequilibrium self-organization oil water interface spontaneous regulated motion reaction-diffusions stem oscillatory chemical zoning fine particle gel 周期組成変動

项目摘要

(1) Regulation of spontaneous flow due to the principle of self-organizationWe investigated how and why a spontaneous regulated motion of an interface appears in iodide-containing nitrobenzene and water interface. The aqueous phase contains cationic surfactant. Two significant processes play roles. One is a periodic change in contact angle of the oil/water interface along the sidewall of a sample container. This is induced by a periodic ad/desorption with the chemical reaction. This wetting transition is rather fast, but the meniscus shape cannot become a stable form at the same time. Then, the hydrodynamic instability is induced for the recovery of the stability of the meniscus shape. This is the other process. As another system, we studied how and why the oil/water interface can detect a specified cation species and begins to move. For this purpose, we investigated the dependency of the spontaneous motion on the cation species. While the anionic surfactant react with all of the catio … More ns, the high reactivity under a wide range of pH's and a strong attractive interaction between the reaction products are necessary. These can be a trigger of the hydrodynamic instability.(2) Design of microstructures within fine particles due to the reaction-diffusion systemCounter-diffusion of cations and an anion in a gel-column generates a solid-solution around the center of the column. We used Ba^<2+> and Sr^<2+> (or Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+>) as the cations and SO_4^<2-> (or CO_3^<2->) as the anion and studied the fine structure and the chemical zoning. It was concluded that the gel controls the diffusion rate of the cations, i.e., the diffusion rate of cations are sensitively dependent on the physicochemical nature of the gel and the process of gelation. Thus, the diffusion rate of a certain cation is quite different from that of the other cation. As a result of this, the gel controls the microstructure and chemical zoning of the solid solution.Physicochemical studies of the regulated spontaneous motion of fluid and the formation of the microstructures are not only necessary for the application to chemical engineering but also can be the first step for the design of chemical systems which seems to be a living matter. For example, the system moves spontaneously with an appropriate response against an environmental change and deposits solid matter with an ordered microstructure. Less

（1）自我组织原理引起的赞助流量调节我们研究了如何以及为什么在含碘化合物的硝基苯和水界面中出现界面的赞助调节运动。水相含有阳离子表面活性剂。两个重要的过程扮演角色。一种是沿样品容器侧壁的油/水接口的周期性变化。这是由具有化学反应的周期性AD/解吸引起的。这种润湿过渡相当快，但是弯月面的形状不能同时成为稳定的形式。然后，诱导流体动力学不稳定，以恢复半月板形状的稳定性。这是另一个过程。作为另一个系统，我们研究了油/水接口如何以及为什么可以检测指定的阳离子物种并开始移动。为此，我们研究了赞助商自发运动对阳离子物种的依赖性。虽然阴离子表面活性剂与所有catio反应……更多的NS，但在广泛的pH值下的高反应性以及反应产物之间的强烈吸引人的相互作用是必要的。这些可能是流体动力不稳定性的触发因素。（2）由于阳离子的反应 - 扩散系统与阳离子的扩散和凝胶柱中的阴离子在柱中心周围产生固体溶液，因此在细颗粒内设计了微观结构。我们将BA^<2+>和Sr^<2+>（或Ca^<2+>和Mg^<2+>）作为阳离子，SO_4^<2->（或CO_3^<2->）作为阴离子，并研究了细细胞结构和化学分子。结论是，凝胶控制阳离子的扩散速率，即阳离子的扩散速率敏感地取决于凝胶的物理性质和凝胶的过程。这是一定阳离子的扩散速率与其他阳离子的扩散速率完全不同。因此，凝胶控制着固体溶液的微结构和化学分区。对液体的调节的赞物化学研究以及微观结构的形成不仅是化学工程应用的必要条件，而且还可能是化学系统设计的第一步，这似乎是生活中的重要问题。例如，系统以适当的响应对环境变化进行了赞助，并将固体物质沉积在有序的微观结构中。较少的