Operation System of Insect Brain for Sophisticated Behavior

用于复杂行为的昆虫大脑操作系统

基本信息

批准号：
11694091
负责人：
TOH Yoshihiro
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The larva of the tiger beetle Cicindela chinensis is an ambushing hunter with a body length of 15-22 mm, that lives in a tunnel in the ground. It ambushes prey, keeping its head horizontal at the opening of the tunnel. When prey approaches the tunnel, the larva jumps to snap at it. When an object moves beyond its jumping range (approximately 15 mm), however, the larva quickly withdraws deep into the tunnel. These responses are mediated by two of six pairs of stemmata. How does the larva judge the hunting range using such a simple visual system? Range estimation by binocular vision was confirmed by behavioral observations, in which larvae jumped towards objects beyond the normal hunting range when virtual images of such distant objects were formed close to the larva by prisms or a narrow window. Range estimation by monocular vision was also confirmed by behavioral experiments. The depth of the image in the retina appears to have a role in distance estimation because a larva with one fun … More ctional stemma, other stemmata being occluded, changed its response to a very distant object from escape to jump when a concave lens was placed above its head.Intracellular responses of medulla neurons (second order visual interneurons) showed that distance sensitivities really occurred in the peripheral part of the brain. Response patterns of medulla neurons to moving objects at heights of 10 mm and 50 mm were compared. The majority of neurons responded to objects moving at heights of 10 mm and 50 mm with the same discharge pattern. A few neurons, however, showed distance sensitivities responding with an increase of spike discharges to moving objects only at either of the two heights. Such distance sensitivities still remained in one-stemma larvae, three of the four stemmata being occluded.Above mentioned behavioral and electrophysiological results suggested. We conclude that visual information about hunting range in the tiger beetle larva is extracted peripherally by the spatial pattern of image clarity, and probably centrally by binocular vision. Less

虎甲虫的幼虫体长15-22毫米，是一种伏击猎手，生活在地下的隧道中，当猎物接近隧道时，它的头部保持水平在隧道的开口处。然而，当物体超出其跳跃范围（约 15 毫米）时，幼虫会迅速退回到隧道深处。这些反应是由六对茎中的两对介导的，幼虫如何使用如此简单的视觉系统来判断狩猎范围？这种远距离物体的虚拟图像是通过棱镜或窄窗在幼虫附近形成的，单眼视觉的范围估计也通过行为实验得到证实，因为幼虫的视网膜中的图像深度似乎在距离估计中起作用。当一个凹透镜放置在其头部上方时，动作干细胞（其他干细胞被遮挡）将其对非常远的物体的反应从逃避改变为跳跃。髓质神经元（二阶视觉中间神经元）的细胞内反应表明距离敏感性比较了髓质神经元对 10 毫米和 50 毫米高度的移动物体的反应模式。然而，在 10 毫米和 50 毫米的高度以相同的放电模式移动时，一些神经元仅在这两个高度中的任何一个处表现出对物体放电尖峰的增加的距离敏感性。，四个茎中的三个被遮挡。上述行为和电生理结果表明，虎甲虫幼虫的狩猎范围的视觉信息是通过外周提取的。图像清晰度的空间模式，可能集中在双眼视觉上。