Search of Natural Fullerenes in Chinese Coal Layers

中国煤层中天然富勒烯的寻找

基本信息

批准号：
11691149
负责人：
OSAWA Eiji
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691149/
关键词：
Natural fullerene C60 Coal Phase transition of carbon by shock compression Meteorite crater Soot-like carbon nanoparticles Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy HPLC 天然C_<60>石炭ガス爆発衡撃波南アフリカトランパール地方ダイク地形 C_<60>炭素ナノチューブ炭素含有鉱物 /

项目摘要

Debates on the existence of fullerenes in nature still remain unsettled. Concentration levels of C_<60> allegedly detected in black geological layers like KT and PT or from carbon-containing rocks collected from meteorite impact craters are generally less than 0.1 ppm and are difficult to confirm. The only case that reports sufficiently high natural fullerene concentrations is a coal sample taken from Yipinglang coal mine in Yunnan, China. Unfortunately the information on this rare sample was rare and inaccurate. The purpose of this search is to confirm the report by our own survey.Three survey trips were made with geologists to not only the Yipinglang mine but also to the other coal mines in China to collect coal samples ourselves. A final trip was made to South Africa where novel coal beds intruded by magmas and the world's oldest and largest meteorite crater were surveyed.The results are as follows. (1) Only the Yipinglang coal sample that had been reported to contain C_<60> was con … More firmed to contain as high as 0.3 % of C_<60>/C_<70>. This particular coal sample was found to contain, in addition to fullerenes, soot-like microstructure of nano-sized graphitic nanoparticles, and two kinds of new minerals, probably a high temprature-high pressure modifications of known minerals. (2) All other samples collected were negative with respect to the fullerene analysis.In spite of these results, we were not allowed to enter the underground mine for the reason of safety, neither to study 3D underground maps. However, after patient and long negotiations, we eventually succeeded in obtaining large number of coal samples from Yipinglang mine whose exact underground locations were recorded. Preliminary tests on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer proved positive for a few samples among them and currently work is going on for quantitative analysis with a HPLC.Based on several pieces of evidence, we propose natural shock compression as the cause of formation of C_<60> in coal. Strong evidence is available for the verification of the formation of C60/C70 in a shock tube experiment. We are in the process of cooperative research with National Aerospace Laboratory to study the formation of fullerenes upon irradiation of plasma jet stream onto graphite surface in a heated wind tunnel. Less

关于自然界中富勒烯存在的辩论仍然不稳定。据称在KT和PT等黑色地质层中检测到的C_ <60>的浓度水平通常从陨石撞击陨石坑收集的含碳的岩石通常小于0.1 ppm，并且难以确认。唯一报道足够高的天然富勒烯浓度的情况是从中国云南的Yipinglang煤矿采集的煤样品。不幸的是，有关此稀有样本的信息很少见，并且不准确。这项搜索的目的是通过我们自己的调查确认报告。第三次调查旅行与地质学家进行了不仅要进行Yipinglang矿山，而且还向中国的其他煤矿进行收集以收集煤炭样本。我们自己进行了最终旅行，在南非进行了新的煤炭床，在那里，麦芽岩和世界上最古老的，最大的气象颗粒的侵犯人数。（1）仅据报道包含C_ <60>的Yipinglang煤样品是con…更多的固件，可容纳C_ <60>/c_ <70>的高达0.3％。发现该特定的煤样品除了富勒烯基外，还含有纳米大小的图形纳米颗粒的烟灰样微观结构，以及两种新矿物质，可能是已知矿物质的高温高压修饰。（2）相对于富勒烯分析，收集的所有其他样品均为阴性。由于这些结果，我们不允许我们以安全原因进入基础矿山，要么研究3D地下图。但是，在患者和长时间的谈判之后，我们最终成功地从Yipinglang矿中获得了大量煤炭样品，这些矿山的确切位置已被记录。在其中的一些样本中证明了对飞行时间质谱仪的初步测试，目前正在使用HPLC进行定量分析。我们提出自然冲击压缩是煤炭中C_ <60>形成的原因。在冲击管实验中，有大量证据可用于验证C60/C70的形成。我们正在与国家航空航天实验室进行合作研究，以研究血浆喷气流在加热风洞中的石墨表面上的辐射后的形成。较少的