Search of Natural Fullerenes in Chinese Coal Layers

中国煤层中天然富勒烯的寻找

基本信息

批准号：
11691149
负责人：
OSAWA Eiji
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691149/
关键词：
Natural fullerene C60 Coal Phase transition of carbon by shock compression Meteorite crater Soot-like carbon nanoparticles Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy HPLC 天然C_<60>石炭ガス爆発衡撃波南アフリカトランパール地方ダイク地形 C_<60>炭素ナノチューブ炭素含有鉱物 /

项目摘要

Debates on the existence of fullerenes in nature still remain unsettled. Concentration levels of C_<60> allegedly detected in black geological layers like KT and PT or from carbon-containing rocks collected from meteorite impact craters are generally less than 0.1 ppm and are difficult to confirm. The only case that reports sufficiently high natural fullerene concentrations is a coal sample taken from Yipinglang coal mine in Yunnan, China. Unfortunately the information on this rare sample was rare and inaccurate. The purpose of this search is to confirm the report by our own survey.Three survey trips were made with geologists to not only the Yipinglang mine but also to the other coal mines in China to collect coal samples ourselves. A final trip was made to South Africa where novel coal beds intruded by magmas and the world's oldest and largest meteorite crater were surveyed.The results are as follows. (1) Only the Yipinglang coal sample that had been reported to contain C_<60> was con … More firmed to contain as high as 0.3 % of C_<60>/C_<70>. This particular coal sample was found to contain, in addition to fullerenes, soot-like microstructure of nano-sized graphitic nanoparticles, and two kinds of new minerals, probably a high temprature-high pressure modifications of known minerals. (2) All other samples collected were negative with respect to the fullerene analysis.In spite of these results, we were not allowed to enter the underground mine for the reason of safety, neither to study 3D underground maps. However, after patient and long negotiations, we eventually succeeded in obtaining large number of coal samples from Yipinglang mine whose exact underground locations were recorded. Preliminary tests on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer proved positive for a few samples among them and currently work is going on for quantitative analysis with a HPLC.Based on several pieces of evidence, we propose natural shock compression as the cause of formation of C_<60> in coal. Strong evidence is available for the verification of the formation of C60/C70 in a shock tube experiment. We are in the process of cooperative research with National Aerospace Laboratory to study the formation of fullerenes upon irradiation of plasma jet stream onto graphite surface in a heated wind tunnel. Less

关于自然界中是否存在富勒烯的争论仍然悬而未决，在 KT 和 PT 等黑色地质层中或从陨石撞击坑收集的含碳岩石中明显检测到的 C_<60> 浓度水平通常低于 0.1 ppm，并且很难确定。唯一证实天然富勒烯浓度足够高的案例是取自中国云南一平郎煤矿的煤样，不幸的是，有关这一稀有样品的信息很少且不准确。这次调查的目的是通过我们自己的调查来证实这一报告。我们与地质学家一起前往一平郎煤矿以及中国的其他煤矿进行了三次调查，以收集煤炭样本，最后一次前往南非。对岩浆侵入的新型煤层和世界上最古老、最大的陨石坑进行了勘察。结果如下： (1) 只有据报道含有C_<60>的一平廊煤样被证实含有。高达 0.3% 的 C_<60>/C_<70> 被发现除了富勒烯之外，还含有纳米级石墨纳米粒子的烟灰状微观结构，以及两种新矿物质，可能是(2) 收集的所有其他样品的富勒烯分析均为阴性。尽管有这些结果，我们仍不被允许进入地下矿井但出于安全考虑，我们并没有研究3D地下地图，但经过耐心和长时间的协商，我们最终成功地从一平郎煤矿获得了大量煤样，并在飞行时间质谱仪上进行了初步测试。其中一些样品的结果呈阳性，目前正在进行 HPLC 定量分析。基于多项证据，我们提出自然冲击压缩是煤中 C_<60> 形成的原因。用于验证我们正在与国家航空航天实验室合作研究在加热风洞中等离子体射流照射石墨表面时富勒烯的形成。