DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY TO UNDERSTAND THE ECOLOGY OF MINKE WHALES USING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AS CHEMICAL TRACERS

开发使用环境污染物作为化学示踪剂了解小须鲸生态的方法

基本信息

批准号：
10559015
负责人：
TANABE Shinsuke
金额：
$ 5.89万
依托单位：
EHIME UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10559015/
关键词：
Minke Whale Organochlorines Heavy Metals Antarctic Ocean North Pacific Environmental Contaminants Organotins Biological Tracer 生物濃縮

项目摘要

The minke whale samples including about 500 individuals collected from the Southern Ocean in the period of 1981 to 1999 and about 160 individuals from the North Pacific during 1994 to 1998 under the special permit of Japanese Whale Research Program(JARPA)were employed for chemical analysis and obtained the following results ;1)The analytical systems for monitoring the concentrations of organochlorines, organotins and heavy metals in various organs and tissues of minke whales were examined and constructed. The results of body distribution of these contaminants suggested to use the blubber for organochlorines and the liver for heavy metals including organotins as a proper tissue/organ to elucidate the ecology and biology of minke whales.2)The residue levels of organochlorines and toxic elements were varied according to sex, feeding habit and age, which suggests the necessity of classification of samples in order to discriminate the population of minke whales.3)When estimating the discrim … More ination of population in minke whales of North Pacific using some heavy metals and organochlorines as chemical tracers, the animals from the Sea of Okhotsk were classified into two groups with significantly higher concentrations of DDTs and PCBs and lower concentrations of Hg and with apparently higher concentrations of Cd and lower concentrations on HCHs, suggesting that the former group is principally inhabiting in the Sea or Japan/Yellow Sea/East China Sea and the latter group is immigrated from the western North Pacific.4)The determination of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver indicated the induction of CYP1A with low residue levels of organochlorines in the Antarctic minke whales, which implies sensitive to the toxic effects of these contaminants in minke whales. The CYP1A genes in minke whales revealed the similarity of amino acid sequences on that genes in Dall's porpoise from the northern North Pacific.5)The attempt to discriminate the population of southern minke whales using 12 trace elements found in skin and liver by the principal component analysis showed the significant difference in the matrix of trace elements among male animals from Area III, IV and V in Antarctic Ocean. These populations seemed to be segregated in association with immigration, reproduction, feeding habit etc. Thisapproach using the trace elements in the skin of animals is evidenced to be an effective non-killing method to elucidate the ecology and biology of minke whales.Considering all these results, the present study concluded that the environmental chemicals such as organochlorines and heavy metals were useful chemical tracers to understand the ecological and physiological aspects of minke whales yet to be known. Less

小须鲸样本包括1981年至1999年在南大洋采集的约500头小须鲸和1994年至1998年在日本鲸鱼研究计划（JARPA）特别许可下从北太平洋采集的约160头小须鲸，用于化学分析和分析。得到以下结果;1)对小须鲸各器官和组织中有机氯、有机锡和重金属浓度监测分析系统进行了检验和研究这些污染物的体内分布结果建议使用鲸脂中的有机氯和肝脏中的有机锡等重金属作为阐明小须鲸生态和生物学的适当组织/器官。2）有机氯和有毒物质的残留水平。元素根据性别、食性和年龄而变化，这表明有必要对样本进行分类，以区分小须鲸的种群。3）在估计种群的歧视时在使用一些重金属和有机氯作为化学示踪剂的北太平洋小须鲸中，来自鄂霍次克海的动物被分为两组，其中滴滴涕和多氯联苯浓度明显较高，汞浓度较低，镉浓度明显较高HCHs 浓度较低，表明前一类主要栖息在日本海/黄海/东海，后一类是从北太平洋西部迁入的。 4) 测定肝脏中的药物代谢酶活性表明，南极小须鲸体内的 CYP1A 残留水平较低，这意味着小须鲸对这些污染物的毒性作用敏感。小须鲸的 CYP1A 基因揭示了氨基酸的相似性。北太平洋北部大角鼠海豚基因上的酸序列。5)尝试使用皮肤和肝脏中发现的 12 种微量元素来区分南方小须鲸的种群主成分分析表明，来自南极海洋III、IV和V区的雄性动物的微量元素基质存在显着差异，这些种群似乎与迁徙、繁殖、摄食习惯等有关。该方法使用微量元素。事实证明，在动物皮肤中进行化学分析是阐明小须鲸生态学和生物学的一种有效的非杀戮方法。考虑到所有这些结果，本研究得出结论，有机氯和重金属等环境化学物质是有用的化学物质了解小须鲸生态和生理方面的示踪剂尚不清楚。