Investigation of synchronous reluctance motors for feed drives in machine tools

用于机床进给驱动的同步磁阻电机的研究

• 批准号: 452020124
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Christian Brecher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsbereich Werkzeugmaschinen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/452020124?language=en
• 关键词: Investigation; synchronous; reluctance; motors; feed

Today, the most widely used electrical machine type for feed drives and auxiliary drives, such as automatic tool changer in machine tool sector is the high-performance permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). However, the production of such permanent magnets, which essentially consist of critical rare earth elements, is very expensive and unecological. Because of the price fluctuations of raw materials and the global competition in terms of price and quality, the demand for cost-effective and ecologically sustainable solutions for machine tool components is increasing. One possible alternative to permanent magnet synchronous motors is the so called synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM), which has become more and more attractive in the last few years due to its absence of permanent magnets. By optimizing the rotor geometries, the previously known disadvantages such as torque ripple and acoustic noise have already been significantly reduced. Commercial SynRM on the market shows a torque ripple under two percent. Due to the robust construction and the high energy-efficiency even under partial load, SynRM are now partly used in pump and fan applications to replace the conventional three-phase AC motors. This research project will investigate whether and to which extent the SynRM can be used as drive motors for feed axes and auxiliary axes in machine tools. Among other things, the aim is to investigate the potential of control algorithms to improve the torque ripple and to comparatively analyze the dynamic behaviors of machine axes with different types of motors.Similar to PMSM, the speed of a SynRM can easily be controlled with frequency inverters. The preliminary simulation study of a feed drive axis shows that SynRM can be applied in cost-effective feed axes. In this research project, different control techniques to optimize the performance of SynRM need to be investigated and further developed. The basic for this is a sufficiently accurate motor model, which describes the current and rotor angle dependent motor characteristics. The necessary parameters shall be identified on a motor test bench via various load profiles. The main objective is the development of a system with high bandwidth and low torque ripple. To this purpose, non-linear controllers and Luenberger observer for the nested control loops will be investigated. An axis test bench with a real-time control system will be set up for validation purpose. This allows the developed methods to be tested and allows a comparative investigation of different motor types.

如今，用于进给驱动和辅助驱动（例如机床领域的自动换刀装置）最广泛使用的电机类型是高性能永磁同步电机（PMSM）。然而，这种主要由关键稀土元素组成的永磁体的生产非常昂贵且不环保。由于原材料价格波动以及价格和质量方面的全球竞争，对具有成本效益且生态可持续的机床部件解决方案的需求不断增加。永磁同步电机的一种可能替代方案是所谓的同步磁阻电机 (SynRM)，由于其不含永磁体，它在过去几年中变得越来越有吸引力。通过优化转子几何形状，先前已知的缺点（例如扭矩脉动和声学噪声）已显着减少。市场上的商用 SynRM 显示扭矩波动低于 2%。由于结构坚固且即使在部分负载下也能实现高能效，SynRM 现在部分用于泵和风扇应用，以取代传统的三相交流电机。该研究项目将研究SynRM是否以及在多大程度上可以用作机床进给轴和辅助轴的驱动电机。除其他外，目的是研究控制算法改善扭矩脉动的潜力，并比较分析具有不同类型电机的机器轴的动态行为。与 PMSM 类似，SynRM 的速度可以轻松地通过频率进行控制逆变器。对进给驱动轴的初步仿真研究表明，SynRM可以应用于经济高效的进给轴。在这个研究项目中，需要研究和进一步开发用于优化 SynRM 性能的不同控制技术。其基础是足够精确的电机模型，它描述了电流和转子角度相关的电机特性。应通过各种负载曲线在电机测试台上确定必要的参数。主要目标是开发具有高带宽和低扭矩脉动的系统。为此，将研究嵌套控制环路的非线性控制器和 Luenberger 观测器。将建立一个带有实时控制系统的轴测试台用于验证目的。这样可以对开发的方法进行测试，并对不同电机类型进行比较研究。