Time discrimination in the mentally retarded: Latency changes in the evoked potentials with visual masking paradigm

弱智者的时间歧视：视觉掩蔽范式诱发电位的潜伏期变化

基本信息

批准号：
61450009
负责人：
KITAJIMA Shofi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research was composed of two sections. First analyzed the regulation of attention transfer in time (in a split of a second). Second analyzed the relationship between memory accessibility and target context (the effect of priming).First section: Visual ERPs were measured in relation to selective attention directed to positions in time. Two target pairs (S1-S2 and S3-S4), each composed of a number (N) and a checkerboard (C) with short ISI, were flashed successively. NC-NC and CN-CN sequences were presented with the same probability in random order. A subject's task was naming for the number and pattern-matching for the checkerboard. The target was the number in a session, while the checkerboard in another session. Effects of two attentional conditions on the requlation of attention transfer in time were measured by the amplitude of the occipital N1 to the target and nontarget stimuli. One attentional condition was Focused in which a subject knew the target position prior to S1 presentation and another was Divided in which the subject did not know the target position prior to S1. The data suggested that (1) the normal subject regulated his attention transfer, that is, attending to the target and disregarding the nontarget, (2) mentally retarded and schizophrenia attended to the nontarget as well as to the target.Second section: Two pictures (S1 and S2) of familiar animals/objects were presented with short intervals. Reaction time (RT) for the S2 naming and the ERP N400 to S2 were analyzed. Parameter was closeness or distance in meaning between S1 and S2. The data suggested that (1) RT was longer and N400 was larger in amplitude when S1 and S2 were distant in meaning and (2) the same tendency was found for the retarded people as for the normal subjects.

该研究由两个部分组成。首先分析了注意力转移时间（一瞬间）的调节。其次分析了记忆可访问性和目标情境（启动效应）之间的关系。第一部分：测量视觉 ERP 与针对时间位置的选择性注意的关系。两个目标对（S1-S2 和 S3-S4）相继闪烁，每个目标对由一个数字（N）和一个带有短 ISI 的棋盘（C）组成。 NC-NC 和 CN-CN 序列以相同的概率以随机顺序呈现。受试者的任务是为棋盘上的数字命名和图案匹配。一个会话中的目标是数字，而另一个会话中的棋盘。通过枕骨 N1 对目标和非目标刺激的幅度来测量两种注意力条件对注意力及时转移调节的影响。一种注意力状态是集中的，其中受试者在 S1 呈现之前知道目标位置，另一种注意力状态是分散的，其中受试者在 S1 之前不知道目标位置。数据表明（1）正常人调节注意力转移，即关注目标而忽视非目标，（2）弱智和精神分裂症患者既关注目标又关注非目标。第二部分：两张图片（S1 和 S2）熟悉的动物/物体以较短的间隔呈现。分析了 S2 命名和 ERP N400 到 S2 的反应时间 (RT)。参数是S1和S2之间意义的接近或距离。数据表明，(1) 当 S1 和 S2 意义较远时，RT 较长，N400 幅度较大；(2) 弱智者与正常人有相同的趋势。