Volume 1: Craft Production in the Mongol Empire. Karakorum and its ArtisansVolume 2: A Layered History of Karakorum. Stratigraphy and Periodization in the City Center

第一卷：蒙古帝国的工艺生产。

• 批准号: 433824986
• 负责人: Dr. Susanne Reichert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Publication Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433824986?language=en
• 关键词: Volume; Craft; Production; Mongol; Empire.

The thesis covers the archaeological remains from the middle of Karakorum in Mongolia, the first capital of Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries. Excavations by Bonn Universität from 2000 to 2005 in an area south of the central crossroads brought evidence for workshops that used iron, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, glass, mineral stones, bones as well as possibly birch bark. Massive occupation layers of up to four meters depth hint to a complex temporal sequence of use in the excavated areas. On the basis of these remains, the study asks in which ways the economy of the city focused on the handicraft production was intertwined with the political elite of the Mongol world empire. Specific aspects have been hitherto published in preliminary reports and by way of catalogues of single find groups. A detailed analysis of these workshops in their temporal depth had been missing so far. Such an analysis, however, would be of immanent importance for the evaluation of the function and supra-regional standing of the city at its heyday. Due to the amount of covered materials, the thesis will be published in two volumes. The first volume „Craft Production in the Mongol Empire. Karakorum and its Artisans” focuses on the question of handicraft production and its possible dependence on Mongolian elites. For the first time, the present work contributes a detailed study on the development of handicraft workshops of a settlement site covering a temporal breadth of about 200 years for the area of modern-day Mongolia. The analysis of finds that indicate craft production and their distribution as well as the distribution of features and installations used for handicraft allow structural insights into the city history, which far exceed information detectable from written sources known to us. The question of the organization of production is answered based on the framework by Cathy L. Costin and through close examination of textual sources. The second volume “A Layered History of Karakorum. Stratigraphy and periodization in the city center“ presents a chronological system for the sequence of settlement layers as documented during the excavations of Bonn University. This system served not only as a basis for thediscussion of the workshops (volume 1) but will also be the authoritative foundation for future works on other material groups. In methodological terms, the relative chronological system of the settlement layers rests on the depositional sequence of layers. This relative sequence of layers is supported by a cognitive sequence that results from a feasible combination of building structures, a reconstruction of room ground plans. Dendrochronological analyses, radiocarbon dates, coins, as well as a dated seal of 1372 feed into the absolute dating of the relative system.

本论文涵盖了蒙古喀喇昆仑山脉中部的考古遗迹，这是 13 世纪和 14 世纪蒙古帝国的第一个首都，波恩大学 2000 年至 2005 年在中央十字路口以南地区进行的发掘提供了使用铁器的作坊的证据。 、有色金属、贵金属、玻璃、矿石、骨头以及可能的厚达四米的桦树皮。深度暗示了发掘地区复杂的时间顺序。根据这些遗骸，该研究询问了以手工业生产为中心的城市经济与蒙古世界帝国的政治精英如何交织在一起。迄今为止，这些方面的内容已在初步报告中和通过单个发现组的目录中发表，但迄今为止，还缺少对这些研讨会的时间深度的详细分析，但是，这种分析对于评估这些研讨会具有内在的重要性。功能和由于涉及的材料较多，该论文将分两卷出版，第一卷《蒙古帝国的手工艺生产及其工匠》重点讨论这个问题。手工业生产及其对蒙古精英的可能依赖目前的工作首次对一个覆盖时间跨度约 200 年的定居点手工业作坊的发展进行了详细的研究。对表明手工艺品生产及其分布以及用于手工艺品的特征和装置的分布的发现进行分析，可以对城市历史进行结构性了解，这远远超出了从已知的书面来源中可检测到的信息。第二卷“喀喇昆仑地层历史和市中心的分期”根据凯西·L·科斯汀的框架回答了我们的问题。为波恩大学发掘期间记录的沉降层序列该系统不仅作为研讨会讨论的基础（第 1 卷），而且也将成为未来其他材料组工作的权威基础。聚落层的相对年代顺序取决于层的沉积顺序，这种相对顺序得到了建筑结构的可行组合、房间地面平面图的重建、放射性碳测年结果的认知序列的支持。硬币，以及 1372 年的日期印章，都被纳入相对系统的绝对年代测定中。