Basic Researches on Snowmelt Processes in a Subalpine Region

亚高山地区融雪过程的基础研究

• 批准号: 05660153
• 负责人: OHTA Takeshi
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Iwate University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660153/
• 关键词: Subalpine region; Snowmelt; Heat balance; Temporal variation; Spatial variation; 融雪量; 熱収支特性

Snowmelt characteristic in a subalpine region were investigated from a viewpoint of a heat balance. New interpretations obtained by this project are as follows ; (1) Ratios of net radiation in snowmelt energy decreased as time passed, because latent heat transfer caused a condensation in the latter half of the melting seasons. The condensation accelerates snowmelt. On the other hand, evaporation occurred in the first half and restrains snowmelt. (2) Differences of snowmelt rates between a slope and a flat place were caused by variations of net radiation at the two study point, when latent heat transfer was negative values and evaporation occurred. The influence of turbulent flux on differences of snowmelt caused by a slope angle was not ignored, when condensation occurred. Differences of snowmelt between a slope and a flat place increased with the increase of differences of wind speed between them. (3) Snowmelt rates were larger at a lower place than at a higher place in the first half of the melting seasons. But snowmelt at the higher place was accelerated during the latter half. Radiative energy was always larger at the lower site than at the higher site, and turbulent heat transfer increased at the higher site as time passed, especially on warm and windy days.Variabilities of turbulent heat transfer are very important on snowmelt characteristics at a subalpine region, because melting seasons are very long.

从热平衡的角度研究了亚高山地区的融雪特性。本项目获得的新解释如下： (1) 融雪能量中净辐射的比例随着时间的推移而降低，这是因为潜热传递在融雪季节的后半段引起了凝结。凝结加速了融雪。另一方面，上半年出现蒸发，抑制了融雪。 (2)当潜热传递为负值且发生蒸发时，斜坡和平地融雪率的差异是由两个研究点净辐射的变化引起的。当发生凝露时，湍流通量对斜坡角度引起的融雪差异的影响不容忽视。坡地与平地之间的融雪差异随着风速差异的增大而增大。 （3）融雪季节前半段，低地融雪速率大于高地。但下半年，高地融雪速度加快。低位点的辐射能始终大于高位点，而高位点的湍流传热随着时间的推移而增加，特别是在温暖和大风的日子里。湍流传热的变化对亚高山地区的融雪特性非常重要，因为融化季节很长。

项目成果

児島淳他2名: "八幡平における融雪観測と熱収支解析" 岩手大農演報. 25. 1-15 (1994)

Jun Kojima 和其他 2 人：“八幡平的融雪观测和热平衡分析”岩手大学农业报告 25. 1-15 (1994)。

H.Saito et al.: "Water content in a snow layr." Proc.Tohoku Branch Symp.Japan Society of Civil Engineers 1994. 90-91 (1994)

H.Saito 等人：“雪层中的水分含量。”

斎藤秀樹 他5名: "積雪層内の含水率変化について" 平成5年度土木学会東北支部技術研究会講演集. 90-91 (1994)

Hideki Saito 等 5 人：“论雪层内水分含量的变化”1993 年日本土木工程师学会东北分会技术研究小组讲座 90-91 (1994)。

斎藤秀樹他5名: "積雪層内の含水率変化について" 平成5年度土木学会東北支部技術研究会講演集. 90-91 (1994)

Hideki Saito 等 5 人：“论雪层内水分含量的变化”1993 年日本土木工程师学会东北分会技术研究小组讲座 90-91 (1994)。

児島淳・太田岳史・鈴木和良: "亜高山帯での融雪観測" 平成5年度日本雪氷学会講演予稿集. 118 (1993)

Jun Kojima、Takeshi Ota、Kazuyoshi Suzuki：“亚高山地区融雪观测”日本冰雪学会会议记录 1993. 118 (1993)