In Search of the Neural Underpinnings of Temporal Binding: Linking Synaptic Depression with Neural Adaptation in Auditory Cortex

寻找颞结合的神经基础：将突触抑制与听觉皮层的神经适应联系起来

• 批准号: 430904660
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Brosch, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie (LIN)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/430904660?language=en
• 关键词: Search; Neural; Underpinnings; Temporal; Binding

The perception of sound is intimately bound with time evolution: most sounds, speech sounds in particular, make sense only when perceived against the backdrop of what came immediately before. This requires memory whereby incoming sounds are represented in the context of a continuously updated representation of the immediate past. We term this process temporal binding. While the neural underpinnings of temporal binding are an open question, recent research suggests that synaptic depression might be one of its key mechanisms. Synaptic depression could be considered a local form of memory, and it is difficult to observe directly. However, one of its observable effects is thought to be adaptation, a form of sensory memory which expresses itself as the attenuation of neural responses with repeated stimulation. Both synaptic depression and adaptation can be characterized by the time constants describing the speed with which recovery from these effects occur. We intend to investigate the link between synaptic depression, adaptation, and temporal binding by combining the complementary expertise of the applicants in computational modelling of auditory cortex, recordings of single-neuron activity in monkey auditory cortex, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements in humans. This use of monkey and human subjects will allow us to observe adaptation and temporal binding in the activity of small and large neuronal populations of auditory cortex. These observations combined with computational modelling will form a powerful tool for uncovering the neural underpinnings of temporal binding. The first part of the project will address the relationship between synaptic depression and adaptation by means of simulations and experiments. Our preliminary results suggest that this relationship is non-trivial and complex, but the use of multiple, complementary experimental paradigms for measuring adaptation will allow us to estimate values of the recovery time constant of synaptic depression individually for each subject. In the second part, we will test predictions of the modelling work, utilizing the experimentally gained estimates of the recovery time constant for synaptic depression in humans and monkey auditory cortex. This will allow us to address how auditory cortex represents sound sequences and how it discriminates between sequences differing in the timing of their elements.The project is timely, and its realization requires the amalgamation of expertise in monkey electrophysiology, human MEG/EEG, and computational neuroscience. The Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology in Magdeburg is one of the few research institutes in the world which brings together, to a single site, the required expertise and methodology.

对声音的感知与时间的演变密切相关：大多数声音，尤其是语音，只有在之前发生的声音的背景下被感知时才有意义。这需要记忆，从而在最近的过去的不断更新的表示的上下文中表示传入的声音。我们将这个过程称为时间绑定。虽然时间结合的神经基础是一个悬而未决的问题，但最近的研究表明，突触抑制可能是其关键机制之一。突触抑制可以被认为是记忆的一种局部形式，并且很难直接观察到。然而，其可观察到的影响之一被认为是适应，这是一种感觉记忆的形式，表现为重复刺激下神经反应的减弱。突触抑制和适应都可以通过时间常数来表征，该时间常数描述了从这些影响中恢复的速度。我们打算通过结合申请人在听觉皮层计算模型、猴子听觉皮层单神经元活动记录、脑磁图（MEG）和脑电图（EEG）方面的互补专业知识，研究突触抑制、适应和时间结合之间的联系。 ）在人体中的测量。这种对猴子和人类受试者的使用将使我们能够观察听觉皮层小型和大型神经元群体活动中的适应和时间结合。这些观察结果与计算模型相结合将形成一个强大的工具，用于揭示时间结合的神经基础。该项目的第一部分将通过模拟和实验来解决突触抑制和适应之间的关系。我们的初步结果表明，这种关系并非平凡且复杂，但使用多个互补的实验范式来测量适应能力将使我们能够单独估计每个受试者的突触抑制的恢复时间常数值。在第二部分中，我们将利用实验获得的人类和猴子听觉皮层突触抑制恢复时间常数的估计来测试建模工作的预测。这将使我们能够解决听觉皮层如何表示声音序列以及如何区分不同元素时间的序列。该项目是及时的，其实现需要融合猴子电生理学、人类脑电图/脑电图和计算方面的专业知识。神经科学。位于马格德堡的莱布尼茨神经生物学研究所是世界上为数不多的将所需专业知识和方法汇集到一个地点的研究机构之一。