THEORETICAL STUDIES OF ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION IN LIFE HISTORY SHCEDULES.

生命史时间表中适应性进化的理论研究。

基本信息

批准号：
03454004
负责人：
IWASA Yoh
金额：
$ 3.9万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03454004/
关键词：
Phenology Uncertain fluctuation of environments Evolutionarily stable evolutionarily stable Insect Mformation Asynchronous life histor Decision making Competitive game of nutrient uptake 意思決定蛹化のバラツキ一化性二化性春型と夏型非対称二化解熱帯多雨林

项目摘要

(1) The evolution of seasonal timing of univoltine insects living on seasonally chaging renewable resources is studied. If competition during feeding larval stages is intense, asynchronous timing of hatching and pupation may evolve. The period in which pupation occur every day tends to be much longer than the period in which hatching occurs. However they may be synchronous if the impact of herbivorous insects on the food plant is small.(2) The evolution of voltinism of insects in seasonal environments is studied. A long growing season. small egg size, and fast growth tends to favor bivoltinism or multivoltinism over univoltinism. If the resource availability has a peak in the begining of the growing season and declines slowly afterwards, then the first generation larbae tends to have a larger pupation size and a shorter feeding period than the second generation, which may explain well-documented size difference between seasonal types.(3) In collaboration with Professor Dan Cohen, Hebrew University, the competitive uptake of nutrients in the medium by microbes or by terrestrial plants is studied, It is a competitive game between plants.(4) Evolutionarily stable timing of emergence of male butterflies in a fluctuating environment is studied in collaboration with Dr. Patsy Haccou, Leiden University. The importance of the role of information available for males in their decision making. A method was developped to infer the uncertainty that males have in their decision making from variances and covariance of emergence data of both sexes over many years.

(1) 研究了生活在季节性变化的可再生资源中的单化昆虫的季节时间演变。如果幼虫喂养阶段的竞争激烈，孵化和化蛹的时间可能会不同步。每天化蛹的时间往往比孵化的时间长得多。然而，如果草食性昆虫对食用植物的影响较小，则它们可能是同步的。(2)研究了昆虫在季节环境中的挥发性进化。生长季节漫长。鸡蛋体积小，生长快，有利于双化或多化而不是单化。如果资源可用性在生长季节开始时达到峰值，然后缓慢下降，那么第一代幼虫往往比第二代具有更大的化蛹尺寸和更短的摄食期，这可能解释了有据可查的幼虫之间的大小差异。 (3)与希伯来大学Dan Cohen教授合作，研究了微生物或陆生植物对培养基中养分的竞争性摄取，这是植物之间的竞争性博弈。(4)进化稳定的羽化时机与莱顿大学的 Patsy Haccou 博士合作研究了雄性蝴蝶在波动环境中的变化。男性可获得的信息在决策中的作用的重要性。人们开发了一种方法，根据多年来两性羽化数据的方差和协方差来推断雄性决策的不确定性。