Tillage erosion affects crop yields and carbon balance in hummocky landscapes

耕作侵蚀影响丘陵景观中的作物产量和碳平衡

• 批准号: 422576233
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter Fiener
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Programmbereich 1: Landschaftsprozesse
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/422576233?language=en
• 关键词: Tillage; erosion; affects; crop; yields

Soil erosion on arable land is a major environmental threat affecting various soil related ecosystem services. Traditionally water (and partly wind) erosion is studied, while erosion due to agricultural soil management (tillage erosion) is often ignored. Nevertheless, tillage erosion often has a similar magnitude as water erosion and can be even the dominate process in areas where erosive rainfall is rarer. The main goal of the project is to quantify the impacts of tillage erosion upon crop yields and upon feedbacks on the carbon cycle in a hummocky landscape in North-eastern Germany. It is hypothesized that tillage erosion increases in-field yield variability and decreases mean yields, but increase landscape soil carbon storage. The test region (Quillow catchment) is characterized by a strongly mechanized, intensive agriculture as well as small precipitation sums with regular dry spells. Agricultural production is, hence, very sensitive to interannual climate variability. In combination with a number of preliminary regional studies carried out by the PIs and the availability of long-term data-sets (ZALF) the region is ideally suited for this study. The working program combines (i) experimental approaches to determine erosion rates and C balance components, (ii) multi-temporal remote sensing of in-field variability of crop yields, (iii) and coupled soil erosion and C balance modelling (1960-2020). The project will close an important gap in our understanding of the interactions between tillage erosion, crop yields and carbon cycling in a representative hummocky landscape, where water erosion is small but shallow soils are especially sensitive to erosion processes. The test region in NE Germany is an important area of crop production which already suffers, especially in dry summers, from water shortage, which is most pronounce on eroded hilltops. Hence, the regions is ideally suited as showcase for many other hummocky regions of the world where intensively mechanized agriculture leads to pronounced tillage erosion.

耕地土壤侵蚀是影响各种土壤相关生态系统服务的主要环境威胁。传统上研究水（和部分风）侵蚀，而农业土壤管理（耕作侵蚀）引起的侵蚀常常被忽视。然而，耕作侵蚀通常与水力侵蚀具有相似的程度，甚至在侵蚀性降雨较少的地区可能是主要过程。该项目的主要目标是量化耕作侵蚀对作物产量的影响以及德国东北部丘陵景观中碳循环的反馈。据推测，耕作侵蚀会增加田间产量变异性并降低平均产量，但会增加景观土壤碳储存量。试验区（Quillow 流域）的特点是农业机械化程度高、集约化程度高、降水量小且经常出现干旱。因此，农业生产对年际气候变化非常敏感。结合 PI 进行的一些初步区域研究以及长期数据集 (ZALF) 的可用性，该区域非常适合这项研究。该工作计划结合了（i）确定侵蚀率和碳平衡组成部分的实验方法，（ii）农作物产量田间变异的多时相遥感，（iii）土壤侵蚀和碳平衡耦合建模（1960-2020年） ）。该项目将弥补我们对代表性丘丘景观中耕作侵蚀、作物产量和碳循环之间相互作用的理解中的一个重要差距，其中水侵蚀很小，但浅层土壤对侵蚀过程特别敏感。德国东北部的试验地区是一个重要的农作物生产地区，该地区已经遭受缺水的困扰，特别是在干燥的夏季，这在被侵蚀的山顶上最为明显。因此，这些地区非常适合作为世界上许多其他丘陵地区的展示，这些地区的集约化机械化农业导致了明显的耕作侵蚀。