Tillage erosion affects crop yields and carbon balance in hummocky landscapes

耕作侵蚀影响丘陵景观中的作物产量和碳平衡

• 批准号: 422576233
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter Fiener
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Programmbereich 1: Landschaftsprozesse
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/422576233?language=en
• 关键词: Tillage; erosion; affects; crop; yields

Soil erosion on arable land is a major environmental threat affecting various soil related ecosystem services. Traditionally water (and partly wind) erosion is studied, while erosion due to agricultural soil management (tillage erosion) is often ignored. Nevertheless, tillage erosion often has a similar magnitude as water erosion and can be even the dominate process in areas where erosive rainfall is rarer. The main goal of the project is to quantify the impacts of tillage erosion upon crop yields and upon feedbacks on the carbon cycle in a hummocky landscape in North-eastern Germany. It is hypothesized that tillage erosion increases in-field yield variability and decreases mean yields, but increase landscape soil carbon storage. The test region (Quillow catchment) is characterized by a strongly mechanized, intensive agriculture as well as small precipitation sums with regular dry spells. Agricultural production is, hence, very sensitive to interannual climate variability. In combination with a number of preliminary regional studies carried out by the PIs and the availability of long-term data-sets (ZALF) the region is ideally suited for this study. The working program combines (i) experimental approaches to determine erosion rates and C balance components, (ii) multi-temporal remote sensing of in-field variability of crop yields, (iii) and coupled soil erosion and C balance modelling (1960-2020). The project will close an important gap in our understanding of the interactions between tillage erosion, crop yields and carbon cycling in a representative hummocky landscape, where water erosion is small but shallow soils are especially sensitive to erosion processes. The test region in NE Germany is an important area of crop production which already suffers, especially in dry summers, from water shortage, which is most pronounce on eroded hilltops. Hence, the regions is ideally suited as showcase for many other hummocky regions of the world where intensively mechanized agriculture leads to pronounced tillage erosion.

可耕地上的土壤侵蚀是影响各种土壤相关生态系统服务的主要环境威胁。传统上，研究了水（和部分风）侵蚀，而由于农业土壤管理（耕作）的侵蚀经常被忽略。然而，耕作的侵蚀通常与水侵蚀相似，甚至可能是侵蚀降雨较少的地区的主导过程。该项目的主要目的是量化耕作对作物产量的影响，并在德国东北部的霍姆莫基景观中对碳循环的反馈。假设耕作侵蚀会增加场地的产量变异性并降低平均收率，但增加了景观土壤碳储存。测试区域（Quillow集水区）的特征是强烈机械化的强化农业以及带有常规干咒的少量降水总和。因此，农业生产对年际气候变化非常敏感。结合PIS进行的许多初步区域研究以及长期数据集（ZALF）的可用性，该区域非常适合本研究。工作计划结合了（i）实验方法来确定侵蚀率和C平衡成分，（ii）农作物产量的野外变异性，（iii）和耦合的土壤侵蚀和C平衡建模（1960-2020）的多阶段遥感。该项目将在我们对耕作侵蚀，作物产量和碳循环之间相互作用之间的相互作用的理解中缩小一个重要的差距，在代表性的Hummocky景观中，水侵蚀很小，但浅层土壤对侵蚀过程特别敏感。德国新德国的测试区域是农作物生产的重要领域，尤其是在干燥的夏季，这已经遭受了侵蚀的山顶上的最明显。因此，理想的区域非常适合世界上许多其他霍姆莫奇气地区的展示，在该地区强烈机械化的农业会导致明显的耕作侵蚀。