Phylogeny, historical biogeography and niche evolution in neotropical Marcgraviaceae – a model case for the study of rapid morphological diversification and speciation through flower-pollinator interactions

新热带 Marcgraviaceae 的系统发育、历史生物地理学和生态位演化——通过花-传粉者相互作用研究快速形态多样化和物种形成的典范

• 批准号: 417790428
• 负责人: Dr. Stefan Dressler (†)
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Botanik und Molekulare Evolutionsforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/417790428?language=en
• 关键词: Phylogeny; historical; biogeography; niche; evolution

The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical plant family of mostly climbing woody habit (132 species), whose distribution reaches from southern Mexico over the Caribbean islands to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Habitats are rainforests and cloud forests, and to a lesser extent the Cerrados of Brazil. According to current knowledge, a rapid morphological diversification and species formation has taken place on the basis of flower-pollinator interactions. Despite the very low genetic variability found so far, unique, spectacular inflorescences have developed in the family in adaptation to a large variety of pollinators from all large pollinator groups. The creation of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny serves as a basis for understanding the temporal and spatial pattern of this rapid diversification.Occurring in 6 of the 8 biodiversity hotspots on the American continent, this family is particularly suited to study the history of hotspot formation and their drivers. Extraordinarily extensive and diverse preliminary work is available, which will enable an evaluation of the molecular data in different, current directions in a comparatively short time. The following questions are to be adressed:(1) Where and when do the Marcgraviaceae originate and what routes have they taken? (2) How have different morphological features evolved and how has this led to the colonisation of new habitats or the development of new pollinator spectra? (3) What influence did morphological innovations have on diversification rates? (4) Are diversifications within Marcgraviaceae linked to geological or climatic changes (e.g. Andean uplift, closure of the isthmus of Panama)?(5) How has niche evolution or conservatism influenced the evolution and distribution history of the individual taxa of Marcgraviaceae?

Marcgraviaceae 是一个新热带植物科，主要具有攀爬木本习性（132 种），其分布范围从墨西哥南部越过加勒比群岛到达玻利维亚和巴西南部。栖息地是雨林和云雾林，以及较小程度的巴西塞拉多斯。根据目前的知识，在花与传粉媒介相互作用的基础上，发生了快速的形态多样化和物种形成。尽管迄今为止发现的遗传变异性非常低，但为了适应来自所有大型传粉昆虫群体的多种传粉昆虫，该科已经发育出独特、壮观的花序。全面的分子系统发育学的创建可以为理解这种快速多样化的时间和空间模式奠定基础。该家族出现在美洲大陆8个生物多样性热点中的6个，特别适合研究热点形成的历史及其影响司机。可以进行非常广泛和多样化的初步工作，这将能够在相对较短的时间内评估当前不同方向的分子数据。需要解决以下问题：(1) 红花科植物的起源地和时间以及它们的路线是什么？ (2) 不同的形态特征是如何进化的？这如何导致新栖息地的殖民或新传粉媒介谱系的发展？ (3)形态创新对多样化率有何影响？ (4) Marcgraviaceae 内部的多样性是否与地质或气候变化有关（例如安第斯山脉的隆起、巴拿马地峡的闭合）？(5) 生态位演化或保守主义如何影响 Marcgraviaceae 各个类群的进化和分布历史？