From high latitudes into the tropics: The role of palaeogeography for the biodiversification of Ordovician bryozoans of Baltoscandia

从高纬度到热带：古地理对巴尔托斯坎迪亚奥陶纪苔藓虫生物多样性的作用

• 批准号: 413010093
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Andrej Ernst, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/413010093?language=en
• 关键词: latitudes; into; tropics; role; palaeogeography

This proposal intends study of patterns of the spatial diversity of the Ordovician bryozoans of Baltoscandia. After the Cambrian explosion, the Great Biodiversification Event (GOBE) was the second pulse of diversification of the life in the Phanerozoic. The intended study will help to reveal new insights in the processes of biodiversification during the GOBE.The central aim of the project is to identify the role of spatial diversity in the diversification. This study will answer the questions, at which level the biodiversification takes place, which ecological parameters drive it, and how strong is the influence of provinciality and migrations on the biodiversification. Bryozoans are a perfect model group for study of diversity patterns in the Ordovician because they have many advantages including possessing of calcified skeleton in the majority of clades, their modular organisation (strictly colonial), wide distribution in marine biotopes of the Ordovician. They occupied the shelves of Baltica, a palaeocontinent moved from high latitudes towards the tropics during the Ordovician. This drift resulted in a gradual climatic change which certainly affected the diversity dynamics of the benthic fauna, among them bryozoans. The combination of the fast biodiversification of bryozoans and the palaeogeographical shift of Baltica is the beneficial condition to study the temporal and spatial diversity patterns. The study of diversity (alpha-, beta-, gamma-) will be concentrated in two temporal/spatial transects: 1) Darriwilian of Norway, Sweden, Estonia, and NW Russia, and 2) Katian of Norway, Sweden, Estonia, and NW Russia. In addition, palaeobiogeographic patterns of Ordovician bryozoan faunas of Baltoscandia will be studied, in order to estimate the role for migrations in biodiversification processes. In the course of the intended study several hypotheses will be tested. Firstly, it is supposed that biodiversification was strong at the local scale, and isolation played an important role. Secondly, certain ecological factors as substrate type, depth, sediment influx, and probably nutrient support influenced the biodiversification of bryozoans in the Ordovician. Thirdly, large-scaled migration apparently suppressed the biodiversification resulting in the increase of the alpha-diversity (local) but decrease of the beta-diversity (interregional), whereas gamma-diversity (regional) remains without changes. It is expected that the all components of diversity increase during biodiversification events, whereas during mass extinctions separate parts of the global diversity (alpha-, beta-, or gamma-) are affected.

该提案旨在研究巴尔的斯坎迪亚奥陶纪bryozoans的空间多样性模式。寒武纪爆炸后，伟大的生物多样化事件（Gobe）是phanerozoic生命多样化的第二个脉搏。这项预期的研究将有助于揭示在Gobe期间生物多样性过程中的新见解。该项目的核心目的是确定空间多样性在多元化中的作用。这项研究将回答问题，即生物多样化发生的层次，生态参数驱动它，以及省级和迁移对生物多元化的影响有多强。 bryozoans是研究奥陶纪多样性模式的理想模型组，因为它们具有许多优势，包括在大多数进化枝中拥有钙化的骨骼，其模块化组织（严格殖民地），在奥托维奇海洋生物群中的广泛分布。他们占领了波罗的海的货架，在奥陶纪期间，一位古登陆大陆从高纬度迁移到了热带地区。这种漂移导致了逐渐的气候变化，肯定影响了底栖动物的多样性动态，其中包括bryozoans。 Broyozoans快速生物多样化与波罗的海的古地理转移的结合是研究时间和空间多样性模式的有益条件。多样性的研究（Alpha-，beta-，Gamma-）将集中在两个时间/空间样本上：1）挪威的达里维利安人，瑞典，爱沙尼亚和西北俄罗斯，以及2）2）挪威的Katian，瑞典，瑞典，爱沙尼亚和俄罗斯NW俄罗斯。此外，将研究奥托维奇的Bryozoan动物群的古生物地理模式，以估算迁移在生物多元化过程中的作用。在预期研究的过程中，将检验几种假设。首先，据认为，生物多样性在当地规模上很强，隔离起着重要作用。其次，某些生态因素是底物类型，深度，沉积物涌入以及可能的营养支持，影响了奥陶纪人在奥陶纪的生物多样化。第三，大规模的迁移显然抑制了生物多样性，导致α多样性的增加（局部），但β多样性（区域间）的减少，而伽玛多样性（区域）仍然没有变化。预计生物多样性事件期间多样性增加的所有组成部分，而在大规模灭绝期间，全球多样性的单独部分（alpha-，beta-或gamma-）受到影响。