Geographies of (small) hydropower development in selected transnational basins of China (Yunnan and Xinjiang). A comparative analysis of the Water-Energy-Environment Nexus.

中国选定跨国流域（云南和新疆）的（小）水电开发地理。

• 批准号: 412091045
• 负责人: Dr. Thomas Hennig
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Geographie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/412091045?language=en
• 关键词: Geographies; small; hydropower; development; selected

Since the new millennium, global production of hydroelectricity has been increasing faster than in all comparable periods before and China has become its world’s largest producer. China’s southwestern province of Yunnan plays here a crucial role; it has become itself one of the world’s largest hydropower (HP) producers. Since 2000, its HP capacity rose from 2.5GW to 59GW in 2016, which is larger than the entire installed HP capacity of South Asia. Yunnan’s current and proposed mega projects on its three major rivers (Mekong, Yangtze, Nu) are well researched. In contrast, almost thousand other dams/HP projects (≥1MW) of Yunnan are almost unknown (in 2016: 22.4GW). This lack of reliable HP data has serious implications for our understanding of Yunnan’s transnational basins, e.g. in terms of HP’s environmental implications, socio-economic and geopolitical consequences.In a previous DFG project I studied the entire HP development in Yunnan’s sections of the transnational Ayeyarwady and Nu basins. While the main stems of these rivers are among Asia’s last undammed rivers, the HP development on tributaries across their basins were significant but almost unknown. I identified more than 370 HP projects. Further, based on the powershed approach, I studied diverse geographies of (small) HP development in the perspective of the water-energy-environment nexus Based on this setting I plan a comparative analysis for all of Yunnan’s five transnational basins, one of the world’s insufficiently scrutinized HP regions. For those basins I plan to examine the diverse trade-offs and interactions between Yunnan’s fast-paced HP development and selected crucial aspects of the nexus. The project will also expand and verify a typology of small HP trajectories and factors that lead to over-development. To pursue this objective I envision three sub-goals: (i) a comparative analysis of HP implementation patterns, incl. to record and geovisualize a complete database of HP development of YN’s transnational basins; (ii) to examine the complex spatio-temporal trade-offs of the water-energy part of the nexus (incl. its diverse generation-consumption-imp/exp paradigms); and (iii) to analyze and quantify aspects of the water-environment part of the nexus. This includes both survey and evaluation of direct cumulative biophysical consequences of cascaded HP development (e.g. fish-samplings, TOC-analysis) and an analysis of SHP’s indirect environmental implications related to energy-intensive industries.In a separate module I want to apply my approach to Xinjiang’s three transnational basins. The northwestern province is China’s fastest growing province in terms of electricity generation, but has a distinguished geographical pattern. I want to understand similarities and differences between Yunnan’s and Xinjiang’s rapid HP development and the nexus interactions. Further, the project aims to improve HP data collection and geovisualization for the entire Greater Tibetan Plateau.

新千年以来，全球水力发电量的增长速度比以往任何时期都要快，中国已成为世界上最大的水电生产国。自2000年以来，其HP产能从2.5GW增加到2016年的59GW，这比南亚目前的整个HP装机容量还要大。以及在其三大河流（湄公河、长江、怒江）上拟建的大型项目已得到充分研究，相比之下，云南的其他近千个水坝/水电站项目（≥1MW）几乎不为人所知（2016年：22.4GW）。可靠的高压数据对我们了解云南跨国流域具有重要意义，例如高压的环境影响、社会经济和地缘政治后果。跨国伊洛瓦底江和怒江流域的云南部分的整个水电开发虽然这些河流的主要干流属于亚洲最后的未建坝河流，但其流域支流的水电开发规模很大，但几乎不为人所知。此外，基于powershed方法，我从水-能源环境关系的角度研究了不同地区的（小型）HP开发。基于此，我计划进行比较分析对于云南的所有五个跨国流域（世界上未得到充分审查的高压区域之一），我计划研究云南快节奏的高压发展与选定的关键方面之间的各种权衡和相互作用。扩展并验证小型惠普轨迹和导致过度发展的因素的类型学 为了实现这一目标，我设想了三个子目标：（i）对惠普实施模式的比较分析，包括记录和地理可视化 YN 跨国盆地的 HP 开发的完整数据库；(ii) 检查水-能源部分的复杂时空权衡（包括其多样化的发电-消耗-进出口） (iii) 分析和量化水-环境关系部分的各个方面，这包括对级联高压开发的直接累积生物物理后果的调查和评估（例如在一个单独的模块中，我想将我的方法应用于新疆的三个跨国盆地。就能源消耗而言，西北省份是中国增长最快的省份。发电，但具有独特的地理格局。我想了解云南和新疆的快速发展和联系之间的异同。此外，该项目旨在改善HP数据收集。以及整个大青藏高原的地理可视化。