Tracking long-term phenology and genetic diversity changes in the Biodiversity Exploratories: a comparison of contemporary plants and historical specimen

跟踪生物多样性探索中的长期物候和遗传多样性变化：当代植物和历史标本的比较

• 批准号: 324876998
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Oliver Bossdorf, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrbereich für Evolutionäre Ökologie der Pflanzen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/324876998?language=en
• 关键词: Tracking; long; term; phenology; genetic

Anthropogenic environmental change affects the phenology as well as genetic diversity of plants, with far-reaching consequences for ecologial communities and long-term evolution. However, long-term data documenting such changes are usually rare. Some of the rare opportunities for long-term studies on phenology and genetic diversity changes are provided by herbaria, in particular now that new high-throughput genomic methods for historical samples of non-model species are available. We propose a research project that will combine the unique long-term perspectives of herbaria collections with the strength of the Biodiversity Exploratories to compare the phenology and genetic diversity of contemporary plants in the Biodiversity Exploratories with historical specimens of the same species and the very same regions. We will focus on early-flowering herbs in forest understoreys, because these species have a very distinct flowering period, and are therefore particularly amenable to studying phenology changes as well as the effects of land use on plant phenology. Our project will combine field observations with mining of natural history collections and cutting-edge methods in herbarium genomics to (1) conduct a comprehensive survey of the flowering phenology of all early-flowering understorey plants in all forest EPs, and test the effects of forest management on flowering phenology, (2) survey several major herbaria for matching specimen of the same species from the same regions, which will allow us to test for long-term trends in phenology and its climatic correlates, and to evaluate current phenology data in a historical context. Moreover, we will (3) establish and validate a new high-throughput genomic method for reduced-representation sequencing of historical herbarium samples, hyRAD-hybridization capture using RAD probes, and (4) use this method to compare the genetic diversity of current forest understorey plants in the Biodiversity Exploratories to their ancestors from the same regions. Our project will include the first comprehensive study of plant phenology, as well as the first analysis of genetic diversity in forest plants, in the Biodiversity Exploratories. Most importantly, it will be the first to add a long-term perspective and attempt to compare current to historical biodiveristy in the Biodiversity Exploratories.

人为环境变化影响植物的物候和遗传多样性，对生态群落和长期进化产生深远的影响。然而，记录此类变化的长期数据通常很少。植物标本室为物候和遗传多样性变化的长期研究提供了一些难得的机会，特别是现在可以使用针对非模式物种历史样本的新的高通量基因组方法。我们提出了一个研究项目，将植物标本收藏的独特长期视角与生物多样性探索中心的实力相结合，将生物多样性探索中心中当代植物的物候和遗传多样性与同一物种和同一地区的历史标本进行比较。我们将重点关注森林下层的早花草本植物，因为这些物种具有非常独特的开花期，因此特别适合研究物候变化以及土地利用对植物物候的影响。我们的项目将结合野外观测、自然历史藏品挖掘和植物标本基因组学前沿方法，（1）对所有森林EP的所有早花林下植物的开花物候进行全面调查，并测试森林的影响开花物候管理，（2）调查几个主要植物标本室，以匹配来自同一地区的同一物种的标本，这将使我们能够测试物候及其气候相关因素的长期趋势，并在历史背景下评估当前的物候数据。此外，我们将（3）建立并验证一种新的高通量基因组方法，用于历史植物标本馆样本的简化代表性测序，使用 RAD 探针进行 hyRAD 杂交捕获，以及（4）使用该方法来比较当前森林的遗传多样性生物多样性探索中心的林下植物是来自同一地区的祖先。我们的项目将包括在生物多样性探索中首次对植物物候学进行全面研究，以及对森林植物遗传多样性进行首次分析。最重要的是，它将是第一个添加长期视角并尝试在生物多样性探索中比较当前和历史生物多样性的项目。