Reconstruction of vegetation, climate and human history based on pedological and geoarchaeological investigations of the mesolithic site Ullafelsen, Fotschertal next to Innsbruck, Austria

基于对奥地利因斯布鲁克附近福彻塔尔 Ullafelsen 中石器遗址的土壤学和地质考古学调查，重建植被、气候和人类历史

• 批准号: 323696876
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Bruno Glaser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Paläoumweltforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/323696876?language=en
• 关键词: Reconstruction; vegetation; climate; human; history; Reconstruction; vegetation; climate; human; history

Since the finding of Ötzi the Iceman, a Chalcolithic mummy, on the Tisenjoch in the Ötztal Mountains in 1991, high mountain archaeology in Tyrol gained scientific and public attention world-wide. Thus, initiated and coordinated by the archaeologist Dieter Schäfer within the Mesolithic Project Ullafelsen, also the Fotsch Valley in the Stubai Mountains close to Innsbruck is intensively investigated for the last 20 years. Thereby, the archaeological research focuses on the Mesolithic site Ullafelsen in 1869 m asl., that was settled by human hunters from 11000 to 9500 BP during summer times. Within this research proposal, three main research objectives shall be addressed by the application of modern soil biogeochemical and archaeometric methods in order to complement the archaeological and soil-stratigraphical work carried out so far. First, the project aims at reconstructing the vegetation history on and around the Ullafelsen before, during and after the human settlement. Nowadays, the Ullafelsen is located in the range of the upper forest line (UFL); however, the UFL is very likely pushed downhill anthropo-zoogenetically. Therefore, it will be investigated whether shifts of the UFL can be proven and maybe even dated. Methodologically, this will be tackled by analysing plant-derived lipid and sugar biomarkers as well as charcoal biomarkers. The second research focus aims at reconstructing the climatic conditions having prevailed before, during and after human settlement of the Ullafelsen. This will be tackled by a coupled stable isotope approach (18O - 2H) carried out on plant-derived lipid and sugar biomarkers and include the application of a recently developed paleohygrometer as well as the application of reconstructed isotopic composition (18O und 2H) of paleoprecipitation and membrane lipids (GDGTs) of soil bacteria as proxies for paleotemperature. The third research focus will lie on the reconstruction of the human impact on the soils at and around the Ullafelsen based on faecal and charcoal biomarkers. In combination with phosphorous and stable nitrogen isotope (15N) analyses, type and intensity of human impact on the soils shall be found out. Answering the above-mentioned research questions using modern soil biogeochemical and archaeometric analytical methods will contribute also beyond the locality Ullafelsen to a better understanding of the Late Glacial and Holocene landscape and climate history of subalpine regions in due consideration of human impact.

自1991年在Ötztal山上的Tisenjoch上发现iCeman iCeman，冰球木乃伊，蒂罗尔（Tyrol）的高山考古学在全球范围内引起了科学和公众关注。这是由考古学家DieterSchäfer在中石器时代项目Ullafelsen中发起和协调的，在过去的20年中，对靠近因斯布鲁克的Stubai山脉的Fotsch山谷也进行了深入研究。因此，该存档研究的重点是1869年MASL的中石器时代乌拉菲尔森（Ullafelsen），在夏季，人类猎人从11000至9500 bp定居。在这项研究建议中，应采用现代土壤生物地球化学和存档考古方法来解决三个主要的研究目标，以完成迄今为止进行的存档考古和土壤 - 地层工作。首先，该项目旨在在人类环境之前，之中和之后重建乌拉菲尔森及其周围的蔬菜历史。如今，Ullafelsen位于上森林线（UFL）的范围内；但是，UFL很可能会从刺激性地进行下坡。因此，将研究UFL的转变是否可以证明甚至是过时的。从方法上讲，这将通过分析植物来源的脂质和糖生物标志物以及木炭生物标志物来解决。第二项研究重点旨在重建在乌拉菲尔森（Ullafelsen）人类设置之前，之中和之后盛行的杂种条件。这将通过对植物来源的脂质和糖生物标志物进行的耦合稳定的同位素方法（18O -2H）来解决，其中包括应用最近开发的古水计以及重建的同位素组合物（18o und 2h）古饲料和膜脂质的lipids（18o und 2h）。第三个研究重点将是基于粪便和木炭生物标志物对人类对土壤和周围土壤的影响的重建。结合磷和稳定的氮同位素（15N）分析，应发现人类对土壤影响的类型和强度。使用现代土壤生物地球化学和考古分析方法回答上述研究问题，将在适当考虑人类影响的情况下更好地理解乌拉菲尔森（Ullafelsen）的当地乌拉菲尔森（Ullafelsen）以外的地方。