Reconstruction of vegetation, climate and human history based on pedological and geoarchaeological investigations of the mesolithic site Ullafelsen, Fotschertal next to Innsbruck, Austria

基于对奥地利因斯布鲁克附近福彻塔尔 Ullafelsen 中石器遗址的土壤学和地质考古学调查，重建植被、气候和人类历史

• 批准号: 323696876
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Bruno Glaser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Paläoumweltforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/323696876?language=en
• 关键词: Reconstruction; vegetation; climate; human; history

Since the finding of Ötzi the Iceman, a Chalcolithic mummy, on the Tisenjoch in the Ötztal Mountains in 1991, high mountain archaeology in Tyrol gained scientific and public attention world-wide. Thus, initiated and coordinated by the archaeologist Dieter Schäfer within the Mesolithic Project Ullafelsen, also the Fotsch Valley in the Stubai Mountains close to Innsbruck is intensively investigated for the last 20 years. Thereby, the archaeological research focuses on the Mesolithic site Ullafelsen in 1869 m asl., that was settled by human hunters from 11000 to 9500 BP during summer times. Within this research proposal, three main research objectives shall be addressed by the application of modern soil biogeochemical and archaeometric methods in order to complement the archaeological and soil-stratigraphical work carried out so far. First, the project aims at reconstructing the vegetation history on and around the Ullafelsen before, during and after the human settlement. Nowadays, the Ullafelsen is located in the range of the upper forest line (UFL); however, the UFL is very likely pushed downhill anthropo-zoogenetically. Therefore, it will be investigated whether shifts of the UFL can be proven and maybe even dated. Methodologically, this will be tackled by analysing plant-derived lipid and sugar biomarkers as well as charcoal biomarkers. The second research focus aims at reconstructing the climatic conditions having prevailed before, during and after human settlement of the Ullafelsen. This will be tackled by a coupled stable isotope approach (18O - 2H) carried out on plant-derived lipid and sugar biomarkers and include the application of a recently developed paleohygrometer as well as the application of reconstructed isotopic composition (18O und 2H) of paleoprecipitation and membrane lipids (GDGTs) of soil bacteria as proxies for paleotemperature. The third research focus will lie on the reconstruction of the human impact on the soils at and around the Ullafelsen based on faecal and charcoal biomarkers. In combination with phosphorous and stable nitrogen isotope (15N) analyses, type and intensity of human impact on the soils shall be found out. Answering the above-mentioned research questions using modern soil biogeochemical and archaeometric analytical methods will contribute also beyond the locality Ullafelsen to a better understanding of the Late Glacial and Holocene landscape and climate history of subalpine regions in due consideration of human impact.

自从 1991 年在奥茨塔尔山脉的蒂森乔赫 (Tisenjoch) 发现铜石时代的木乃伊奥兹冰人 (Ötzi the Iceman) 以来，蒂罗尔州的高山考古学就受到了全世界科学界和公众的关注，因此，由考古学家 Dieter Schäfer 在中石器时代项目中发起和协调。 Ullafelsen，也就是靠近因斯布鲁克的 Stubai 山脉中的 Fotsch 山谷，在过去 20 年里受到了广泛的研究。因此，考古研究的重点是 1869 年的中石器时代遗址 Ullafelsen，该遗址在距今 11000 至 9500 年的夏季由人类猎人定居。在本研究计划中，将通过应用现代土壤来解决三个主要研究目标。生物地球化学和考古测量方法，以补充迄今为止的考古和土壤地层工作。首先，该项目旨在重建及其周围的植被历史。如今，乌拉费尔森位于森林上游线（UFL）范围内；然而，由于人类和动物的影响，乌拉费尔森很可能被推向下坡，因此，我们将调查是否发生了变化。 UFL 可以通过方法论得到证实，甚至可以确定年代，这将通过分析植物来源的脂质和糖生物标志物以及木炭生物标志物来解决。 Ullafelsen 人类定居之前、期间和之后普遍存在的气候条件 这将通过对植物来源的脂质和糖生物标记物进行耦合稳定同位素方法 (18O - 2H) 来解决，并包括应用最近开发的古湿度计。以及应用重建的古沉淀同位素组成（18O 和 2H）和土壤细菌膜脂（GDGT）作为代表第三个研究重点是根据粪便和木炭生物标记，结合磷和稳定氮同位素 (15N) 分析，重建人类对 Ullafelsen 及其周围土壤的影响，以及人类对土壤影响的类型和强度。使用现代土壤生物地球化学和考古分析方法来回答上述研究问题也将有助于超越乌拉费尔森地区更好地了解土壤。晚冰期和全新世的景观和亚高山地区的气候历史，适当考虑了人类的影响。