Updating Risk: Mindsets, Post-decisional Defensiveness, and Dynamic Updating Processes in Risk Perception and Risk Taking

更新风险：心态、决策后防御以及风险感知和风险承担的动态更新过程

• 批准号: 316093011
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter M. Gollwitzer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Sozialpsychologie und Motivation
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316093011?language=en
• 关键词: Updating; Risk; Mindsets; Post; decisional

The aims of Project P6 pertain to the analysis of the dynamic interaction between goal striving and subjective risk perception, and the subsequent effects of this interaction on risk-taking behavior. Derived from the Mindset Theory of Action Phases (Gollwitzer, 1990, 2012), we want to induce deliberative and implemental mindsets. In line with the model of preparedness-exposure-coping-cycles (PEC) of risk perception, we postulate differences in the preparedness of individuals depending on the induced mindset. Furthermore, we propose that post-decisional defensiveness affects the consideration and incorporation of relevant risk information (coping) and the respective risk-taking behavior in a negative way. To advance the understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, we want to identify the critical mechanisms in the processing of risk feedback by means of different experimental task paradigms in three work programs (1-3) with three studies each. In (1), this dynamic will be investigated by using the selective updating task paradigm. In Study 1a, we focus on changes in preparedness (caused by inducing one of the two mindsets) and the resulting dynamics while participants go through multiple PEC-cycles for various negative life events. In Study 1b, we will further analyze the underlying processes by inducing mindsets at different points of time within the PEC-cycles. Finally, in Study 1c we will investigate the effects of both mindsets on the course of risk perception and its translation into relevant risk-taking behavior. In (2), we will use experience-based risk situations to research the behavioral downstream consequences of changes in preparedness. In Study 2a, we will model the coping with feedback in a sequential risk-taking task as a consequence of the induced mindsets in close cooperation with P7 'Cumulative Risk' (Prof. Hübner). In Study 2b, we will vary the relevance of the risk-taking behavior to the person's self. In Study 2c, we will analyze the different coping strategies that the exposure to affect-rich vs. affect-poor decision contexts elicit. In (3), we plan to study the ramifications of post-decisional defensiveness concerning the dynamics of risk perception. In Studies 3a and 3b, we will investigate whether the re-deliberation of relevant decisions that have been made leads to changes in risk dynamics, and whether this can be triggered even by the re-deliberation of irrelevant decisions. In Study 3c, we will use the selective updating task once again to test whether the effects of post-decisional defensiveness on the dynamics of risk perception and risk-taking behavior are domain-specific (i.e., do not generalize to other domains of risk).

P6 项目的目标涉及分析目标追求和主观风险感知之间的动态相互作用，以及这种相互作用对冒险行为的后续影响，源自行动阶段的心态理论（Gollwitzer，1990，2012），我们希望引发深思熟虑和执行的心态，与风险认知的准备-暴露-应对周期（PEC）模型一致，我们假设准备情况存在差异。此外，我们提出决策后的防御性会以负面的方式影响相关风险信息（应对）的考虑和纳入以及各自的冒险行为，以促进对风险认知动态的理解。我们希望通过三个工作计划 (1-3) 中的不同实验任务范例来确定风险反馈处理的关键机制，每个工作计划包含三项研究。在 (1) 中，将使用选择性更新任务来研究这种动态。在研究 1a 中，我们关注的是。在研究 1b 中，我们将通过在不同时间点诱导心态来进一步分析潜在过程。最后，在研究 1c 中，我们将研究两种心态对风险认知过程及其转化为相关风险承担行为的影响。在 (2) 中，我们将使用基于经验的风险情境进行研究。行为下游在研究 2a 中，我们将与 P7“累积风险”（研究 2b 教授）密切合作，对连续冒险任务中的反馈应对进行建模。我们将改变冒险行为与个人自我的相关性。在研究 2c 中，我们将分析在情感丰富和情感匮乏的决策环境中所引发的不同应对策略。计划研究决策后防御对风险认知动态的影响 在研究 3a 和 3b 中，我们将研究重新审议已做出的相关决策是否会导致风险动态的变化。在研究 3c 中，我们将再次使用选择性更新任务来测试决策后防御对风险感知和冒险行为动态的影响是否是特定领域的。 （即，不要推广到其他风险领域）。