Effects of machine component damping on dynamic behaviour and process stability of machine tools

机器部件阻尼对机床动态行为和过程稳定性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
288097798
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Christian Brecher
金额：
--
依托单位：
INDEX-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Hahn & Tessky
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants (Transfer Project)
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/288097798?language=en
关键词：
Effects machine component damping dynamic

项目摘要

The accuracy and performance of machine tools are determined by the interaction between the cutting process and the dynamic compliance of the machine structure. Chatter vibrations may occur due to large dynamic compliances which are caused by insufficient stiffness or damping. These self-excited vibrations limit the machine performance, cause a bad surface quality of the workpiece and reduce tool life. In order to calculate and optimize the dynamic behavior of a machine tool in the development process, knowledge of stiffness, mass and damping of all structural components and joints lying in the force flux is necessary. While mass and stiffness values are usually well known, validated and parameterized accurate damping models are still missing. In order to reduce these deficits, the research group "Damping effects in machine tools" is being funded by the German Research Foundation. Within the subproject "Methods for the measurement of damping effects in machine components" methodological foundations were developed by the Laboratory for Machine Tools (WZL), RWTH Aachen, for parameterizing damping models of machine tool components. Here, a significant influence of different design variants and various lubrications were detected on the damping of components. In this project, the method to repeatable determine damping and the knowledge about damping effects of feed axis components will be used to improve the dynamic behavior of machine tools. For this purpose two different machine tools of the application partners will be examined, a machining center and a lathe. The damping behavior of the feed axis components of both machines will be determined with the help of test benches. Based on the knowledge of the damping effects, machine components will be selectively modified. For example, the monorail guidance system might be replaced by different design variants which ensure an improvement of the dynamic behavior of the entire machine tool. The dynamic behavior of the modified machine tool will be measured and as a result it will be investigated whether the dynamic compliance and the process stability of the machine tool can be manipulated by the simple modification of components.

机床的精度和性能由切削过程与机床结构动态柔度之间的相互作用决定。由于刚度或阻尼不足而导致较大的动态柔量，可能会发生颤振。这些自激振动限制了机器性能，导致工件表面质量差并缩短刀具寿命。为了计算和优化机床在开发过程中的动态行为，需要了解力通量中所有结构部件和接头的刚度、质量和阻尼。虽然质量和刚度值通常是众所周知的，但仍然缺少经过验证和参数化的精确阻尼模型。为了减少这些缺陷，德国研究基金会资助了“机床阻尼效应”研究小组。在“机器部件阻尼效应测量方法”子项目中，亚琛工业大学机床实验室 (WZL) 开发了用于参数化机床部件阻尼模型的方法基础。在这里，检测到不同设计变体和各种润滑对部件阻尼的显着影响。在该项目中，可重复确定阻尼的方法和有关进给轴部件阻尼效应的知识将用于改善机床的动态行为。为此，将检查应用合作伙伴的两种不同的机床：加工中心和车床。两台机器进给轴组件的阻尼行为将在测试台的帮助下确定。根据对阻尼效应的了解，将有选择地修改机器部件。例如，单轨引导系统可能会被不同的设计变体所取代，从而确保改善整个机床的动态行为。将测量改造后的机床的动态行为，从而研究是否可以通过简单的部件修改来控制机床的动态柔量和过程稳定性。