Cortical bone remodeling and Haversian bone in amniotes: a deep-time and comparative perspective

羊膜动物的皮质骨重塑和哈弗氏骨：深入的时间和比较的视角

基本信息

批准号：
271451660
负责人：
Professor Dr. Martin Sander
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Paläontologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/271451660?language=en
关键词：
Cortical bone remodeling Haversian amniotes

项目摘要

Bone tissue adapts and changes through the lifetime of an individual, best demonstrated by the process of bone remodeling. Bone remodeling and histological analysis of remodeled tissue are in the focus of modern medical and forensic science because of their importance in human bone development. The tissues that develop during remodeling are called secondary bone because they replace the primary bone laid down during the initial growth of the animal. In cortical bone, remodeling produces secondary osteons which are called Haversian bone if they completely replace the primary bone. Secondary osteons and Haversian bone have been observed and described in many amniotes, particularly non-avian dinosaurs, eutherian mammals, and birds. Haversian bone is present more in large, endothermic animals. However, no sufficient explanation has been offered as to the cause. Other factors that have been invoked to explain Haversian bone in extant mammals, particularly humans, such as fatigue damage, mechanical loading and physiology all play a role in bone remodeling. But the importance and influence on histology of each of these factors has yet to be explored in detail from a comparative perspective involving sauropsids, particularly dinosaurs, and birds. Studies in histology of fossil bone generally focus on primary bone histology, and thus, there is lack of detailed analyses and comparisons of secondary bone in extinct taxa. This project aims to improve the understanding of the formation of Haversian bone and the process of bone remodeling at the histological level by approaching the problem from a comparative and evolutionary perspective, using a broad range of amniotes, extinct and extant. Dinosaurs are particularly important in this comparison because they are the only large-bodied and presumably warm-blooded land animals available for comparison with mammals. By taking the different life styles, life histories, locomotory patterns, food sources and physiologies into account, we will attempt to answer how different factors influence Haversian bone development and explain the observed patterns in cortical bone remodeling. The strength of this project is the use of data from the fossil record to understand a pervasive feature of the bone biology of extant animals, including humans.

骨组织在人的一生中不断适应和变化，骨重塑过程最能证明这一点。骨重塑和重塑组织的组织学分析因其在人类骨骼发育中的重要性而成为现代医学和法医学的焦点。在重塑过程中形成的组织被称为次生骨，因为它们取代了动物最初生长过程中形成的初级骨。在皮质骨中，重塑会产生次级骨，如果它们完全取代初级骨，则称为哈弗骨。在许多羊膜动物中，特别是非鸟类恐龙、真兽类哺乳动物和鸟类中，已观察到并描述了次生骨和哈弗氏骨。哈弗氏骨更多地存在于大型恒温动物中。然而，对于原因没有提供充分的解释。其他用来解释现存哺乳动物（尤其是人类）哈弗氏骨的因素，例如疲劳损伤、机械负荷和生理学，都在骨重塑中发挥着作用。但这些因素的重要性和对组织学的影响尚未从蜥脚类动物（尤其是恐龙）和鸟类的比较角度进行详细探讨。化石骨的组织学研究普遍集中在原生骨的组织学上，缺乏对灭绝类群次生骨的详细分析和比较。该项目旨在通过使用广泛的已灭绝和现存的羊膜动物，从比较和进化的角度来解决这个问题，从而提高对哈弗氏骨的形成和组织学水平上的骨重塑过程的理解。恐龙在这种比较中尤其重要，因为它们是唯一可以与哺乳动物进行比较的体型较大且可能是温血的陆地动物。通过考虑不同的生活方式、生活史、运动模式、食物来源和生理机能，我们将尝试回答不同因素如何影响哈弗氏骨发育，并解释观察到的皮质骨重塑模式。该项目的优势在于利用化石记录的数据来了解包括人类在内的现存动物骨骼生物学的普遍特征。