BoCP Design: US-China-Sao Paulo: Functional Biodiversity in Streams on a Changing Planet in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Climates

BoCP 设计：美国-中国-圣保罗：热带、亚热带和温带气候变化的星球上溪流的功能性生物多样性

• 批准号: 2325925
• 负责人: John Morse
• 金额: $ 49.9万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-15 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2325925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BoCP; Design; US; China; Sao

Humans have globally altered the fundamental processes maintaining biodiversity by converting natural land cover for human uses. Freshwater ecosystems have been disproportionally impacted by global land use change, with aquatic insects experiencing sharp declines in recent years. This project will link the three dimensions of biodiversity across temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions on three continents to provide comprehensive understanding of how human land use affects aquatic life, in particular caddisflies, a highly diverse and widespread group of aquatic insects. Identifying broad patterns of aquatic ecosystem health in response to land use change is a major goal of conservation ecology, but research has struggled for decades with this goal for two main reasons, which this study address. First, most biodiversity research has considered only the number of species (“taxonomic diversity”). Taxonomic diversity is incomplete because it does not provide information about (a) the actual roles the organisms play in their environment (“functional diversity”), or (b) how shared evolutionary history among species may cause them to respond similarly to land use change (“phylogenetic diversity”). The second roadblock for identifying broadly applicable patterns is that most field studies are conducted only in a single region, limiting resulting conclusions to that region. This project will contribute to the collections and identification of caddisfly species across three continents, provide international training and networking opportunities, and deliver aquatic insect identification workshops in both Brazil and China. It will also launch long-term pollution-monitoring programs in Brazil and China and will train a diverse group of over 20 undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers.This project will focus on caddisflies—a highly diverse, widespread, and imperiled group of aquatic insects. The project team will sample larval and adult caddisflies in streams across gradients of land use change—from streams whose watersheds contain mostly natural land cover, to those that have been largely converted to agriculture and/or urbanization. Work will occur simultaneously in three of the world’s major biomes: the temperate Blue Ridge ecoregion of the southeastern United States, the subtropical Qiantang River of southeastern China, and the tropical Paranapanema River basin of southern Brazil. This project consists of a developing collaboration between researchers at Clemson University (CU, United States), Universidade Estudal Paulista (UNESP, Brazil), and Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU, China) in which researchers will conduct field work in their respective nations. In addition, CU researchers will compare modern fauna with fauna sampled from the same streams in 1969 and the 1980s and will travel to China and Brazil to teach aquatic insect identification courses and to transport specimens for DNA sequencing. Researchers at NJAU will conduct cutting-edge genetic analyses to enable calculation of phylogenetic diversity and identification of larvae, and collaborators at UNESP will provide expertise in community analysis and spatial statistics. This project will 1) build a trans-continental, multidimensional database of caddisfly diversity; 2) quantify multidimensional caddisfly responses to human land use change in different ecoregions on three continents; and 3) quantify homogenization of caddisfly assemblages within regions through time. This project will provide new inferences and information to help identify threats and slow aquatic biodiversity loss on a rapidly changing planet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类通过将自然土地覆盖转变为人类用途，在全球范围内改变了维持生物多样性的基本过程，全球土地利用变化对淡水生态系统造成了不成比例的影响，近年来水生昆虫急剧减少，该项目将把生物多样性的三个方面联系起来。三大洲的温带、亚热带和热带地区，全面了解人类土地利用如何影响水生生物，特别是石蛾，这是一种高度多样化和分布广泛的水生昆虫。响应土地利用变化的水生生态系统健康是保护生态学的一个主要目标，但几十年来研究一直在努力实现这一目标，主要有两个原因，本研究指出，首先，大多数生物多样性研究只考虑了物种的数量（“分类多样性是不完整的，因为它没有提供以下信息：(a) 生物体在其环境中发挥的实际作用（“功能多样性”），或 (b) 物种之间共享的进化历史如何导致它们对土地利用变化做出类似的反应（“系统发育确定广泛适用模式的第二个障碍是，大多数实地研究仅在一个地区进行，从而将得出的结论限制在该地区。该项目将有助于收集和识别跨越三大洲的石蛾物种，并为国际提供帮助。该项目还将在巴西和中国开展长期污染监测项目，并培训 20 多名本科生和研究生以及博士后。研究人员。该项目将重点关注石蛾——一种高度多样化、分布广泛且濒临灭绝的水生昆虫群体。项目团队将在不同土地利用变化梯度的溪流中对石蛾幼虫和成虫进行采样——从流域大部分为自然土地覆盖的溪流到那些已被覆盖的溪流。世界上三个主要生物群落将同时进行农业和/或城市化建设：美国东南部的温带蓝岭生态区、中国的亚热带钱塘江。该项目由克莱姆森大学（CU，美国）、Universidade Estudal Paulista（UNESP，巴西）和南京农业大学（NJAU，中国）的研究人员合作开展。此外，研究人员将在各自国家进行实地考察，并将现代动物群与 1969 年和 20 世纪 80 年代从同一溪流中采集的动物群进行比较，并将进行旅行。南京农业大学的研究人员将前往中国和巴西教授水生昆虫识别课程并运送样本进行 DNA 测序，以计算系统发育多样性和鉴定幼虫，UNESP 的合作者将提供群落分析和鉴定方面的专业知识。该项目将 1) 建立跨大陆的石蛾多样性数据库；2) 量化三大洲不同生态区人类土地利用变化的多维反应； 3）随着时间的推移量化区域内石蛾组合的同质化该项目将提供新的推论和信息，以帮助识别快速变化的星球上的威胁并减缓水生生物多样性的丧失。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估被认为值得支持。利用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准。