Collaborative Research: Evolution of the hyoid, pharynx and swallowing biomechanics in mammals

合作研究：哺乳动物舌骨、咽部和吞咽生物力学的进化

• 批准号: 2315502
• 负责人: Susan Williams
• 金额: $ 44.04万
• 依托单位: Ohio University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2315502&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolution; hyoid; pharynx

All mammals, including humans, have a bone at the base of the tongue called the hyoid bone. The hyoid bones vary in shape, size and position relative to the skull, jaws, and the muscles of the throat, but we do not know why the hyoid bones show such wide variation, how it evolved, what it means for normal swallowing function in humans, for medical disorders involving difficulty swallowing, and for swallowing function in domesticated animals (including pets and farm animals). This research will use innovative imaging and computational methods to measure the variation in hyoid and throat anatomy in mammals, as well as to study how the hyoid moves during swallowing. The research will create novel databases of three-dimensional static hyoid anatomy and of hyoid and tongue movements during chewing and swallowing in several species of mammals. The work will accelerate research into swallowing disorders in humans, their pets and in farm animals. It will provide opportunities for research experiences for undergraduate and graduate students traditionally under-represented in STEM fields. It will also engage in public science education and outreach, through museums and online platforms, to underserved urban and rural communities in Chicago and Ohio.The hyoid apparatus of mammals varies in shape, position, and the degree to which its connection to the cranium is composed of bones and ligaments. However, the evolutionary and functional significance of this variation is unknown because we lack basic information on the full range of variation in hyoid and pharynx morphology among mammals, and its relationship to variation in hyoid function during feeding. Hyoid movement is thought to play an important role in swallowing, but whether mammals with different hyoid anatomy employ the same or different swallowing mechanisms remains to be established. The proposed research aims to (1) document the full range of hyoid chain variation in the mammal clades Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria, (2) quantify relationships between hyoid chain anatomy and anatomy of the soft tissues of the tongue and pharynx (throat) in species with diverse hyoid chain morphologies, and (3) determine whether interspecific variation in hyoid, lingual and pharyngeal anatomy is associated with significant differences in hyolingual biomechanics during swallowing. Aims (1) and (2) will be addressed using micro-computed tomography (CT) and diffusible-iodine contrast enhanced CT of the skulls, hyoids and pharynges of representative species of our focal clades that show the full range of hyoid anatomy. Aim (3) will be addressed using the XROMM (X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) workflow to collect high-resolution 3D musculo-skeletal kinematics of hyolingual function in three species of Euarchontoglires and three species of Laurasiatheria.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

所有哺乳动物，包括人类，舌头根部都有一块骨头，称为舌骨。舌骨相对于头骨、颌骨和喉咙肌肉的形状、大小和位置各不相同，但我们不知道为什么舌骨表现出如此大的变化，它是如何进化的，它对正常吞咽功能意味着什么人类，用于涉及吞咽困难的医学疾病，以及家养动物（包括宠物和农场动物）的吞咽功能。这项研究将使用创新的成像和计算方法来测量哺乳动物舌骨和喉咙解剖结构的变化，并研究舌骨在吞咽过程中如何移动。 该研究将创建三维静态舌骨解剖结构以及多种哺乳动物咀嚼和吞咽过程中舌骨和舌头运动的新颖数据库。这项工作将加速对人类、宠物和农场动物吞咽障碍的研究。它将为传统上在 STEM 领域代表性不足的本科生和研究生提供研究经验的机会。它还将通过博物馆和在线平台，向芝加哥和俄亥俄州服务不足的城乡社区开展公共科学教育和推广活动。哺乳动物的舌骨在形状、位置以及与颅骨的连接程度方面各不相同。由骨骼和韧带组成。然而，这种变异的进化和功能意义尚不清楚，因为我们缺乏哺乳动物舌骨和咽形态的全方位变异及其与进食期间舌骨功能变异的关系的基本信息。舌骨运动被认为在吞咽中发挥着重要作用，但具有不同舌骨解剖结构的哺乳动物是否采用相同或不同的吞咽机制仍有待确定。拟议的研究旨在（1）记录哺乳动物分支 Euarchontoglires 和 Laurasiatheria 中舌骨链的全部变异，（2）量化舌骨链解剖结构与舌头和咽（喉咙）软组织解剖结构之间的关系不同的舌骨链形态，以及（3）确定舌骨、舌和咽解剖结构的种间变异是否与舌骨链的显着差异相关。吞咽过程中舌舌生物力学。目标（1）和（2）将通过使用显微计算机断层扫描（CT）和扩散碘对比增强 CT 对我们焦点进化枝的代表性物种的头骨、舌骨和咽部进行处理，显示舌骨解剖结构的全部范围。目标 (3) 将使用 XROMM（移动形态学的 X 射线重建）工作流程来实现，以收集三种 Euarchontoglires 和三种 Laurasiatheria 的舌舌功能的高分辨率 3D 肌肉骨骼运动学。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。