SCC-IRG Track 1: Socially-integrated robust communication and information-resource sharing technologies for post-disaster community self-reliance

SCC-IRG 第 1 轨道：社会整合的稳健通信和信息资源共享技术，促进灾后社区自力更生

• 批准号: 2311405
• 负责人: Cynthia Chen
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2311405&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; IRG; Track; Socially; integrated

When a disaster strikes, communities often become isolated and citizens come together to help each other: people share resources, pass along information, and take on tasks that are outside of their usual domains. These activities have been reported in both academic literature and anecdotal documents. Some examples include: New Yorkers’ sharing private vehicles and boats during the 2005 MTA strike that crippled NYC transit services; and neighbors helping neighbors escape from flooding caused by 2016’s Hurricane Matthew using rafts improvised from inflatable mattresses in Rowland, NC. These peer-to-peer resource sharing activities fill important gaps during times of disaster that cannot be fulfilled by emergency response agencies. This project helps fill this gap by working with urban and rural, higher- and lower-income communities in Washington State to understand and advance more effective local information and resource dissemination during a disaster. The project integrates hardware, robust communication technologies, social capacities, and spatial conditions to leverage and enhance place-based social networks for information-resource sharing; and investigate a little-studied scientific frontier intersecting communications, sharing, and disaster resilience. The results of the project will be scalable and useful on a daily and emergency basis to communities that increasingly face natural disaster risks and are interested in enhancing their resilience through information and resource sharing. More specifically, the project will co-design with the two communities and conduct research in four thrusts. Thrust 1—robust communications, will develop robust off-grid community-based networks that are owned and operated by the community. Thrust 2—building community social networks for information-resource sharing, will conduct surveys to collect information about people’s sharing behavior and their social ties within a community, and develop novel models to infer community-based social networks. Thrust 3—community-based information-resource sharing, will develop models and strategies that will lead to efficient information-resource sharing. The key hypothesis is that social network structures affect the optimality and stability of information-resource sharing. Thrust 4 (Dynamic Map your Neighborhood) integrates the results of Thrusts 1-3 and uses them to co-design and pilot-test applications with two communities in WA (urban and rural). The diverse team expertise facilitates knowledge and methods across disciplines through the design of robust communication technologies, and novel ways to solicit social ties information and information-resource sharing models that considers both model optimality and human inputs (e.g., leader nominations from the communities).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当灾难发生时，社区常常变得孤立，公民聚集在一起互相帮助：人们共享资源，传递信息，并承担日常领域之外的任务，这些活动在学术文献和轶事文件中都有报道。一些例子包括：在 2005 年 MTA 罢工期间，纽约人共用私人车辆和船只，导致纽约市交通服务瘫痪，邻居们在 2016 年飓风马修造成的洪水中使用简易充气筏帮助邻居躲避；北卡罗来纳州罗兰。这些点对点资源共享活动填补了应急响应机构无法填补的重要空白。该项目通过与城市和农村、高收入和低收入社区合作，帮助填补这一空白。华盛顿州旨在了解和促进灾难期间更有效的当地信息和资源传播，该项目整合了硬件、强大的通信技术、社会能力和空间条件，以利用和增强基于地方的社交网络进行信息资源共享并调查很少有人研究的科学前沿交叉该项目的成果将是可扩展的，并且对于日益面临自然灾害风险并有兴趣通过信息和资源共享来增强其抵御能力的社区来说是可扩展的和有用的。将与两个社区共同设计，并在四个主旨 1（强大的通信）方面进行研究，将开发由社区拥有和运营的强大的离网社区网络，即建立社区信息社交网络。资源共享，将进行收集有关人们在社区内的共享行为及其社会关系的信息的调查，并开发新颖的模型来推断基于社区的社交网络，即基于社区的信息资源共享，将开发可产生有效信息的模型和策略。 -资源共享。关键假设是社交网络结构影响信息资源共享的最优性和稳定性。推力 4（动态绘制您的邻居）整合了推力 1-3 的结果并使用它们进行协同设计。以及与西澳两个社区（城市和农村）的试点应用程序，多元化的团队专业知识通过设计强大的通信技术以及征求社会联系信息和考虑到信息资源共享模型的新颖方法，促进了跨学科的知识和方法。模型最优性和人力投入（例如，社区领导者提名）。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。