RAPID: Land surface hazards under accelerating climate change: Example from 2023 Hurricane Hilary

RAPID：气候变化加速导致的地表灾害：以 2023 年希拉里飓风为例

• 批准号: 2344994
• 负责人: Marin Clark
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2344994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Land; surface; hazards; under

The climate impact on solid earth hazards, such as landslides, debris flows, river aggregation and flooding, has historically received little attention, but in recent years, this impact is disrupting communities and altering the environment we live in. There is an urgent need to understand how new climate regimes are generating storms that unleash unprecedented episodes of erosion, ground failure and deposition. For example, arid environments are shaped by long periods of slow geomorphic activity, punctuated by major events that can transform landscapes in a geological instant. These events, often triggered by major storms, also present a range of hazards, including floods, landslides, and debris flows that can damage major infrastructure (e.g., roads, buildings) as well as natural and cultural heritage sites. The August 2023 Hurricane Hilary was a Category 4 Pacific hurricane that triggered an unprecedented tropical-storm-warning for Southern California, extending from the Mexico-US border to regions north and east of Los Angeles County. Unlike most of the wintertime precipitation that arrives in this region in narrow, concentrated bands, Hurricane Hilary distributed heavy rainfall across a wide swath of southern California, providing an opportunity to study the widespread geomorphic and societal impact of a major precipitation event. The most severely affected regions have been the normally arid desert regions, which suffered heavy rainfall in excess of typical annual totals with triggered debris flows, flash flooding and sediment debris waves. Collection of perishable field data is the main goal of this award, to gain insights into the debris flow observations that enable longer term predictions of the hazard cascade. Such direct observations that can test models and drive new understanding of land surface hazards are sparse in part because major landscape-changing events, although potentially catastrophic, are rare and thus few natural examples are well documented using modern technologies. Technologies like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR, or laser scanning) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) enable change detection and quantification that provide previously elusive insights. Such data include detailed records of land surface change, the properties of ground materials that were eroded and redeposited, and impact on infrastructure. The research will be conducted within the structure of the Center for Land Surface Hazards (CLaSH), thereby supporting community building initiative and engaging researchers across disciplines in hazard-related science, by including new researchers, and students who were not previously involved in CLaSH. Data generated from this research will be made publicly available via open access repositories, enabling use by the wider research community to empirically understand the impact of Hurricane Hilary on the geologic environment, but also guide next-generation hazard cascade models that can be validated against the field data collected from this project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候对地球危害的影响，例如滑坡，碎屑，河流聚集和洪水，历史上很少受到关注，但是近年来，这种影响正在破坏社区并改变我们生活的环境。迫切需要了解新的气候状况如何使未经固定的磨损失败和Depotsotsion和Depotosition和Depotosition and Depotosition and Depotosition and Depototsion and Depotsion and Depototsion and Depotsion and Depotsotsion和DePototsion。例如，干旱环境是由长期缓慢的地貌活性塑造的，这会受到可以在地质瞬间转化景观的重大事件。这些事件通常是由重大风暴触发的，还会带来一系列危害，包括洪水，滑坡和碎屑流，这些危险可能会损害主要的基础设施（例如，道路，建筑物）以及自然和文化遗产。 2023年8月，希拉里飓风是4级太平洋飓风，为南加州引发了前所未有的热带风暴袭击，从墨西哥 - 美国边境延伸到洛杉矶县北部和东部地区。与大多数冬季降水在该地区以狭窄的集中带来的到来不同，飓风希拉里在南加州的大片地区分布着大雨，为研究广泛的地貌和社会影响提供了一个机会，对重大降水事件产生了广泛的影响和社会影响。受影响最严重的地区是通常干旱的沙漠地区，大雨超过了典型的年总计，碎屑流，山洪泛滥和沉积物碎屑波。收集易腐烂的现场数据是该奖项的主要目标，以了解能够对危险级联的长期预测的碎屑流观测值进行见解。这种直接观察可以测试模型并推动对土地表面危害的新了解的部分原因很少，因为虽然可能是灾难性的，但很少有灾难性的事件，因此使用现代技术很少有天然的例子。诸如光检测和范围（LIDAR或激光扫描）和结构 - 触发器（SFM）等技术可提供更改检测和定量，从而提供以前难以捉摸的见解。这些数据包括土地表面变化的详细记录，被侵蚀和重新沉积的地面材料的特性以及对基础设施的影响。这项研究将在土地表面危害中心（冲突）的结构内进行，从而支持社区建设计划，并通过包括新研究人员以及以前没有参与冲突的学生来支持与危险有关的科学领域的研究人员。 Data generated from this research will be made publicly available via open access repositories, enabling use by the wider research community to empirically understand the impact of Hurricane Hilary on the geologic environment, but also guide next-generation hazard cascade models that can be validated against the field data collected from this project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts审查标准。