Thermospheric Estimation and CHaracterization with Nitric Oxide (TECHNO)

使用一氧化氮进行热层估计和表征 (TECHNO)

• 批准号: 2343844
• 负责人: Daniel Brandt
• 金额: $ 22.7万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-15 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2343844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Thermospheric; Estimation; CHaracterization; Nitric; Oxide

Auroras appear in the form of spectacular light displays usually at high latitudes and can occur either as discreet, continuous, or diffuse varieties. The different kinds of auroras have different generation mechanisms with the discreet appearing as “curtains” or well defined “ribbons or lines” in the sky, while the latter are visible as “fuzzy” structures from the ground. TECHNO (Thermospheric Estimation and Characterization with Nitric Oxide) aims at improving the modeling of aurora and probing in detail how the circulation in the upper atmosphere responds during magnetic storms. The methodology involves incorporating the physics and chemistry associated with discrete aurora in the Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM) model, as it currently is limited to diffuse aurora. TECHNO will investigate how the circulation of the upper atmosphere changes during magnetic storms by looking at how key chemical components of the atmosphere, Nitric Oxide (NO) varies seasonally and how it is related to changes in the aurora and the polar vortex. Investigating these issues is crucial to improving forecasts of the aurora that directly impact HF radio communication and GPS/GNSS satellite navigation, as well as changes in the density of the upper atmosphere that affect the orbits of satellites and space debris in Low Earth Orbit. This inter-disciplinary work advances scientific knowledge and will support training of an early-career scientist.NO plays a significant role in the overall heat budget of the thermosphere due to its role in radiative cooling via infrared emissions. Thus, it is one of the processes that govern the distribution of energy and momentum in the ionosphere-thermosphere system. The other factors include intensification of (a) discreet aurora during increased particle precipitation and (b) meridional winds due to increased pressure gradients. The main objective of the work is to investigate the changes in NO concentrations caused by the polar vortex variability and discreet aurora. The second goal is to quantify the model uncertainties in temperature and densities as it relates to NO. The methodology comprises use of various ionospheric models (GITM, MAGNIT), simulations of storms using GITM, validation with the satellite data sets. The project will conclude with a study of how the uncertainties in auroral energy and increased downward flux affect variations in the resulting neutral density and temperature. Relevance of this research to both GEM and CEDAR programs will enhance collaborations between these two scientific communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极光以壮观的光的形式出现，通常以高纬度的形式出现，并且可以作为谨慎，持续或漫射的品种出现。不同种类的极光具有不同的产生机制，而谨慎的天空中的“窗帘”或定义明确的“丝带或线条”在天空中显示为“窗帘”，而后者则从地面上可见为“模糊”结构。 Techno（一氧化氮的热球估计和表征）旨在改善极光的建模，并详细探讨上层大气中的循环在磁性暴风雨中的响应。该方法涉及将与离散Aurora相关的物理和化学纳入全球电离层 - 热球模型（GITM）模型，因为它目前仅限于弥漫性极高。 Techno将通过查看大气中的关键化学成分，一氧化氮（NO）的季节性变化以及与Aurora和极地涡流的变化如何变化，从而调查磁风暴期间上层大气的循环如何变化。研究这些问题对于改善直接影响HF无线电通信和GPS/GNSS卫星导航的极光森林以及影响卫星轨道和低地球轨道轨道的上层大气密度的变化至关重要。这项跨学科的工作促进了科学知识，并将支持对早期科学家的培训。由于其通过红外排放在辐射冷却中的作用，因此在热圈的总体热预算中没有发挥重要作用。这是控制电离层 - 热球系统中能量和动量分布的过程之一。其他因素包括在提高颗粒精度和（b）由于压力梯度增加而导致的子午风期间（a）谨慎的极光。这项工作的主要目的是研究由极性涡流变异性和谨慎的极光引起的无浓度变化。第二个目标是量化温度和密度的模型不确定性，因为它与NO相关。该方法包括使用各种电离层模型（GITM，Aggit），使用GITM对风暴的模拟，对卫星数据集的验证。该项目将包含有关极光能量和向下通量增加的不确定性如何影响所得中性密度和温度的变化的研究。这项研究与GEM和CEDAR计划的相关性将增强这两个科学社区之间的合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为通过评估被认为是珍贵的支持。