Collaborative Research: Spatio-temporal changes in Red Sea surface hydrology and controls on deep ocean circulation since the 1700s

合作研究：1700年代以来红海表面水文学的时空变化及其对深海环流的控制

• 批准号: 2303247
• 负责人: Konrad Hughen
• 金额: $ 35.51万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Spatio; temporal; changes

Understanding the variability and long-term trends in hydrography of the Indian Ocean and connected seas (e.g., Red Sea) has implications for predicting the impacts of changes in climate across the region. Red Sea ocean circulation is vital for Indian Ocean circulation and ecosystems. This circulation supplies oxygen to critical marine ecosystems within the Arabian Sea. Evaporation within the Red Sea also plays a fundamental role in the regional hydrologic cycle and freshwater balance. These are critical for the largely agrarian societies in the region. Yet, little is known about how Red Sea ocean circulation varies across years and decades in response to changes in climate. This project will generate four records of past climate and ocean changes using corals from across the eastern edge of the Red Sea. Chemical analyses of the cores will be compared with existing instrumental data to generate records of temperature, salinity and density that extend back 200-400 years. These climate and ocean records will provide insight into how Red Sea circulation patterns change across space and time in response to climate systems. This project will support two early career female scientists. The project will also support the next generation of graduate and undergraduate scientists. These students will receive mentoring and training in marine geochemistry and paleoclimate research. In addition, the PIs will participate in art-science outreach initiatives such as Synergy II. This includes exhibitions to showcase the potential for combining geochemistry and paleoclimate to understand past variability and future threats to vulnerable societies. This project will reconstruct Red Sea surface hydrography using comparisons of multi-century coral proxy records to examine the role of spatio-temporal climate variability in preconditioning the surface ocean for deep water formation. Specifically, the study will use measurements of δ18O and Sr/Ca in coral skeleton to reconstruct seasonal to multi-decadal variability in Red Sea sea surface salinity and temperature over the past 300 years. Links between the precursors for Red Sea deep ventilation in the north and broader surface ocean hydrography will be evaluated using comparisons of coral records spanning 6º of latitude. These records will test the hypothesis that variability in salinity of northward-flowing Red Sea surface currents serves as an indicator for the strength of deep ventilation. Linkages between the spatio-temporal perspective of surface ocean precursors for deep water ventilation and regional atmospheric and climate phenomena (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) will be examined, utilizing observations and instrumental climate indices. These records of Red Sea variability will identify the surface controls of deep ocean circulation and constrain variability during periods of sustained warm/cold climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解印度洋和相连海域（例如红海）水文学的变化和长期趋势对于预测整个地区气候变化的影响对于印度洋环流和生态系统至关重要。这种循环为阿拉伯海内的重要海洋生态系统提供氧气，在区域水文循环和淡水平衡中也发挥着重要作用，但人们对此知之甚少。多红海洋环流随着气候变化而变化，该项目将使用红海东部边缘的珊瑚生成过去气候和海洋变化的四项记录，并将与现有的仪器分析进行比较。数据生成可追溯至 200-400 年前的温度、盐度和密度记录。这些气候和海洋记录将深入了解红海环流模式如何随空间和时间变化而响应气候系统。该项目将支持两个早期职业。该项目还将支持女性科学家。这些学生将接受海洋地球化学和古气候研究方面的指导和培训，并参加 Synergy II 等艺术与科学推广活动，其中包括展示地球化学相结合的潜力的展览。该项目将通过比较多个世纪的珊瑚代理记录来重建红海表面水文学，以研究时空气候变化在预处理中的作用。具体来说，该研究将利用珊瑚骨架中 δ18O 和 Sr/Ca 的测量来重建过去 300 年来红海表面盐度和温度的季节变化和前体之间的联系。将通过比较跨纬度 6 度的珊瑚记录来评估红海深层通风和更广泛的表层海洋水文学。这些记录将检验向北流动的红海表面电流的盐度变化的假设。作为深层通风强度的指标，将利用观测结果和区域大气和气候现象（北极涛动，AO；北大西洋涛动，NAO）来研究深水通风的表层海洋前兆的时空关系。这些红海变化的记录将确定深海环流的表面控制并限制持续温暖/寒冷气候期间的变化。通过使用基金会的评估，该奖项的法定任务被认为值得支持。智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。