Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC: Community And Structural Collapse During Mass Extinctions (CASCaDE)

合作研究：NSFGEO-NERC：大规模灭绝期间的群落和结构崩溃（CASCaDE）

• 批准号: 2334455
• 负责人: Pincelli Hull
• 金额: $ 7.33万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2334455&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; Community

We live in a time of widespread change to the natural systems that make our planet habitable. The climate is warming and we are in the midst of a biodiversity crises arising from our extensive and expanding use of natural resources and spaces. What do these changes mean for the future of planet? The fossil record provides us with the means to understand the resilience and collapse of ecosystems due to rapid climate change. Here the researchers will use the fossil record to explore why some intervals of earth history are particularly prone to mass extinction, while others are not. To do this, they will examine changes in fossil communities across intervals of global warming using cutting-edge approaches from food web modeling. Their results will allow them to assess the relative importance of network structure and composition, versus changes in the productivity of systems, to the stability of ecosystems during times of rapid global warming, like those we are living in today. More technically, the research will answer the question of why rapid warming events of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic consistently trigger mass extinction, whereas similarly extreme climatic events of the Cenozoic do not? The researchers will test the hypothesis that it is the evolution of modern ecosystem structures established in the aftermath of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction that has made Cenozoic communities relatively resilient to the effects of global warming as compared to those in the past. To do this they will i) reconstruct marine food webs across global warming events while accounting for preservation bias; ii) estimate productivity and biomass at the base of the marine food web through time; iii) predict primary and secondary extinctions using by advancing and applying food web modeling approaches; and iv) test the role of network structure in the stability of Cenozoic marine ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们生活在使我们的星球居住的自然系统中广泛变化的时期。气候变暖，我们正处于生物多样性危机之中，这是由于我们广泛使用自然资源和空间的广泛使用而引起的。这些变化对星球的未来意味着什么？化石记录为我们提供了了解由于气候变化的快速变化而了解生态系统的韧性和崩溃的手段。在这里，研究人员将使用化石记录来探讨为什么地球历史的某些间隔特别容易大规模灭绝，而其他人则不容易灭绝。为此，他们将使用食品网络建模的尖端方法检查化石社区的变化。他们的结果将使他们能够评估网络结构和组成的相对重要性，与系统生产率的变化相对的变化，以及在快速全球变暖时期的生态系统的稳定性，例如我们今天所生活的那些。从技术上讲，该研究将回答一个问题，即为什么古生代和中生代的快速变暖事件始终触发质量灭绝，而库诺卡克的同样极端气候事件也没有？ 研究人员将检验以下假设：在白垩纪 - 果仁元质量灭绝之后，现代生态系统结构的进化使与过去相比的新生代社区对全球变暖的影响相对有抵抗力。为此，他们将）我将在全球变暖活动中重建海洋食品网，同时考虑保存偏见； ii）随着时间的推移，在海洋食品网的底部估计生产力和生物量； iii）通过推进和应用食物网络建模方法来预测主要和次要灭绝； iv）测试网络结构在新生代海洋生态系统稳定性中的作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持的。