Collaborative Research: RAPID: A novel magnetometer network to capture the ongoing inflationary episode at Askja volcano, Iceland

合作研究：RAPID：一种新颖的磁力计网络，用于捕获冰岛阿斯贾火山正在进行的通货膨胀事件

• 批准号: 2333178
• 负责人: Conor Bacon
• 金额: $ 3.82万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2333178&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; novel; magnetometer

Millions of people in the United States and around the world live in areas with high volcanic risk. These risks can be better understood and also lessened with continuous, high-quality monitoring of volcanoes for any changes in activity or signs of imminent eruption. But these tools are logistically difficult to put in place and are expensive to maintain. This team will test if magnetic measurements can provide useful information about volcanic activity before eruption. They will also test whether the instruments needed can be built with inexpensive components. If magnetic measurements prove to be a reasonable alternative to more expensive techniques, then the capacity of civil defense authorities to prepare for volcanic eruptions will be greatly improved. The data can also be used to inform where other instruments should be placed, increasing the effectiveness of existing instrument networks. In addition to benefiting the United States, the low-cost nature of this technique could benefit other nations with high volcanic risk (Philippines, Mexico, etc.). The success of this project could bring high-quality volcanic risk-mitigation to all. All data collected as part of this project will be made publicly available as soon as possible.Askja volcano—situated in Iceland’s Northern Volcanic Zone—last erupted in 1961, with a 0.7 km-long fissure opening and releasing 500 m-high lava fountains. In the intervening decades, the caldera-forming volcano has continued to deflate at a decaying rate. In August 2021, this trend rapidly reversed and Askja began to reinflate, with over 0.5 m of uplift observed at the center of inflation. Geodetic modeling of the available InSAR and GNSS positioning data has revealed a shallow sill-like magmatic source can explain the observed deformation, but the exact origin of the magma remains unclear. Modeling of a number of recent eruptions has shown that changes in the subsurface distribution of magma can produce a measurable change in the local magnetic field at the surface, but there are few to no datasets that capture such events in-situ making the modeling approach difficult to validate. In this project, a campaign network of passive magnetometers will be installed in and around Askja to capture the changes in the local magnetic field due to the continued influx of magma into the shallow crust. With these data reearchers will establish the value of such networks in volcanic systems, while also providing additional constraints for models that combine concurrent gravity surveys and continuous GNSS positioning observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国和世界各地有数百万人生活在火山风险较高的地区，通过对火山活动的任何变化或即将喷发的迹象进行持续、高质量的监测，可以更好地了解并减少这些风险。该团队将测试磁性测量是否可以在火山喷发前提供有关火山活动的有用信息，如果磁性测量证明有效的话，他们还将测试所需的仪器是否可以使用廉价的组件来构建。成为一个如果能够合理替代更昂贵的技术，那么民防当局为火山喷发做好准备的能力将大大提高，这些数据还可用于告知应放置其他仪器，从而提高现有仪器网络的有效性。该技术的低成本特性可以使美国受益，也可以使其他火山风险较高的国家（菲律宾、墨西哥等）受益。该项目的成功可以为所有收集的数据带来高质量的火山风险缓解。作为该项目的一部分将尽快向公众公布。阿斯克贾火山位于冰岛北部火山带，最近一次喷发是在 1961 年，裂开一条 0.7 公里长的裂缝，并在随后的几十年中释放出 500 米高的熔岩喷泉。这座形成火山口的火山继续以衰减的速度萎缩，2021 年 8 月，这一趋势迅速逆转，阿斯贾开始重新膨胀。现有 InSAR 和 GNSS 定位数据的大地测量模型显示，在膨胀中心观察到超过 0.5 m 的隆起，表明浅层岩浆源可以解释观察到的变形，但岩浆的确切来源仍不清楚。最近的一些喷发表明，岩浆地下分布的变化可以使地表局部磁场产生可测量的变化，但很少有数据集可以捕获此类事件在该项目中，将在 Askja 及其周围安装被动磁力计活动网络，以捕获由于岩浆持续流入浅层地壳而引起的局部磁场变化。这些数据研究人员将确定此类网络在火山系统中的价值，同时还为结合并行重力调查和连续 GNSS 定位观测的模型提供额外的约束。该奖项授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。