RUI: Regulation of starch degradation by the pseudoamylase, BAM9

RUI：假淀粉酶 BAM9 对淀粉降解的调节

• 批准号: 2322867
• 负责人: Christopher Berndsen
• 金额: $ 63.36万
• 依托单位: James Madison University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2322867&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Regulation; starch; degradation; pseudoamylase

Plant starch is an important molecule for humans. In addition to being a primary source of nutrition for humans and many domestic animals, humans use starch in the laundry, food, pharmaceutical, and paper making industries. Despite the widespread use, our understanding of how starch is synthesized and degraded by plants is limited. Both processes affect the shape and form of starch, which affects the way the starch can be used by humans. This project aims to understand the regulation of starch degradation in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant has several enzymes called amylases that degrade starch with distinct activities and apparent functions. This project will describe the molecular and biochemical action of two types of amylases, beta and alpha, as they work together to degrade starch during plant stress. One of the project’s goals is to develop new insights into how the structure of starch is controlled in plants. The experiments in this project will be carried out at a predominately undergraduate institution and involve at least 15 undergraduate students. These students will perform a majority of the experiments and develop their technical and professional skills as scientists which will aid them for future graduate education and careers in science. Additionally, teachers and students at a local elementary school will participate in a research project to develop the students’ understandings of the scientific process.Starch is a complex biomolecule composed of two distinct sub-structures, amylose and amylopectin, which are polymers of glucose with different levels of branching. Starch accumulates and is degraded through several different mechanisms that are dependent on the plant species, plant tissue, and external factors such as time of day and stress. While there is a general understanding of these mechanisms, many of the details including the specific stimuli and regulatory steps of starch synthesis and degradation are unclear. This project aims to detail the structural, biochemical, and molecular mechanism for the involvement of the beta-amylase BAM9 in regulated starch degradation. This protein does not have apparent starch degrading activity but does appear to enhance the activity the alpha amylase, AMY3. This project will characterize how BAM9 interacts with AMY3 and the activation mechanism of BAM9. Further experiments will identify and describe the cellular events that regulate BAM9 leading to activation of AMY3 and starch degradation in response to stress. Ultimately, this project will provide the first biochemical and mechanistic characterization of the pseudo-amylase BAM9, and more broadly, how regulated enzyme complexes degrade starch.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物淀粉是人类的重要分子。除了是人类和许多家畜的主要营养来源外，人类还在洗衣，食品，制药和制造造纸行业中使用淀粉。尽管使用了宽度，但我们对植物如何合成和降解淀粉的理解是有限的。这两个过程都会影响淀粉的形状和形式，这会影响人类可以使用淀粉的方式。该项目旨在了解模型植物拟南芥中淀粉退化的调节。该植物的几种酶称为淀粉酶，可降解具有不同活性和明显功能的淀粉。该项目将描述两种类型的淀粉酶，β和α的分子和生化作用，因为它们在植物胁迫期间共同起作用以降解淀粉。该项目的目标之一是开发新的见解，以了解如何在植物中控制淀粉的结构。该项目的实验将在一个主要的本科机构进行，并涉及至少15名本科生。这些学生将进行大部分实验，并发展他们作为科学家的技术和专业技能，这将帮助他们获得未来的研究生教育和科学职业。此外，教师和学生将参加一个研究项目，以发展学生对科学过程的理解。淀粉是一种复杂的生物分子，由两种不同的亚基链淀粉和淀粉蛋白组成，它们是具有不同分支水平的葡萄糖聚合物。淀粉会积聚并通过几种不同的机制降解，这些机制取决于植物物种，植物组织和外部因素，例如一天中的时间和压力。尽管对这些机制有一般的了解，但许多细节在内，包括淀粉合成和降解的特定刺激和调节步骤尚不清楚。该项目旨在详细介绍β-淀粉酶BAM9参与调节淀粉降解的结构，生化和分子机制。该蛋白质没有明显的淀粉降解活性，但似乎可以增强α淀粉酶Amy3的活性。该项目将表征BAM9与AMY3相互作用的方式和BAM9的激活机制。进一步的实验将识别并描述调节BAM9的细胞事件，从而导致AMY3和淀粉降解响应应激的激活。最终，该项目将提供伪淀粉酶BAM9的第一个生化和机械表征，更广泛地，调节酶综合体如何降级淀粉。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来审查CRITERIA的评估来通过评估来获得的支持。