CAREER: Efficient brain connectome dynamics enabling transitions across cognitive domains

职业：高效的大脑连接组动力学实现跨认知领域的转变

• 批准号: 2237285
• 负责人: Sepideh Sadaghiani
• 金额: $ 90万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237285&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Efficient; brain; connectome; dynamics

In everyday life, we must continuously and rapidly transition across diverse cognitive domains such as memory, language, social, emotional, and perceptual processes. This project aims to show how the brain maintains the ability to rapidly transition among such a broad range of cognitive processes while still being able to maintain stable focus on a single process when needed. Specifically, the researchers predict a key role for the brain’s state of connectivity, i.e., how distributed brain regions synchronize activity at any given moment, with spontaneous transitions between a diverse set of such brain states enable transitions across cognitive domains. Here, brain states are considered diverse when each of the states allows a different set of brain regions to connect with each other. Flexible transitions across cognitive domains contribute to adaptive functioning in all areas and stages of life. Thus, understanding what brain processes contribute to cognitive transitions would have broad implications for mental health, education, and beyond. Directly building on this research, hands-on educational innovations and public outreach are planned to create broader awareness of ongoing brain processes and their implications. Due to the wide-ranging importance of cognitive flexibility, insights gained from this project may have far-reaching consequences for understanding and improving developmental trajectories and enhancing quality of life.The ability to switch across cognitive domains is not well-captured in classic shifting paradigms; Prior paradigms typically require switching across a small set of task rules or stimulus features, often within one cognitive domain. The proposed research introduces a more ecologically valid paradigm in which participants detect target images or sounds that rapidly switch among diverse cognitive domains. This paradigm, by design, increases cognitive transition demands. Because cognitive domain transitions in everyday life occur at various speeds, this work takes a cutting-edge approach to record brain connectivity concurrently in fMRI to best capture slow processes, and in EEG to have sensitivity to fast processes. Specifically, Objective 1 tests whether brain connectivity states occur in sequences that optimize the diversity of how brain regions are connected over time. Objective 2 tests whether sequences of diverse brain connectivity states support behavioral performance when rapidly transitioning across cognitive domains, whilst retaining the ability to focus on individual domains.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在日常生活中，我们必须持续、快速地跨越记忆、语言、社交、情感和知觉过程等不同的认知领域，该项目旨在展示大脑如何保持在如此广泛的认知过程之间快速转换的能力。同时仍然能够在需要时保持对单个过程的稳定关注具体来说，研究人员预测了大脑连接状态的关键作用，即分布式大脑区域如何在任何给定时刻同步活动，以及不同集合之间的自发转换。这种大脑状态使得在这里，当每个状态允许不同的大脑区域相互连接时，大脑状态被认为是不同的，跨认知领域的灵活转换有助于所有领域和生命阶段的适应性功能。大脑过程对认知转变的贡献将对心理健康、教育等产生广泛影响。直接基于这项研究，计划进行实践教育创新和公众宣传，以提高人们对正在进行的大脑过程及其影响的更广泛的认识。认知灵活性的广泛重要性、获得的见解该项目可能对理解和改善发展轨迹以及提高生活质量产生深远的影响。在经典的转变范式中，跨认知领域切换的能力并没有很好地体现；先前的范式通常需要跨越一小组任务规则进行切换。所提出的研究引入了一种更生态有效的范式，其中参与者检测在不同认知域之间快速切换的目标图像或声音，这种范式在设计上增加了认知转换需求。日常生活中发生在各种速度，这项工作采用尖端方法在功能磁共振成像中同时记录大脑连接，以最好地捕捉慢速过程，并在脑电图中同时记录大脑连接，以对快速过程具有敏感性。，目标1专门测试大脑连接状态是否以优化大脑连接状态多样性的顺序发生。目标 2 测试不同大脑连接序列是否反映了在快速跨认知领域转换时支持行为表现的状态，同时保留专注于各个领域的能力。该奖项是 NSF 的法定使命，被认为是值得的。通过评估提供支持基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。