EAGER: Developing design principles for network-scale applications derived from Internet thinking and the behavioral sciences.

EAGER：为源自互联网思维和行为科学的网络规模应用程序开发设计原则。

• 批准号: 2236700
• 负责人: David Clark
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2236700&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Developing; design; principles; network

The Internet is a platform that moves information between endpoints. But transport service alone is meaningless to users. It is Internet applications that control the character of user experience: without them the Internet would be of scant value to most. While applications create the user experience, their design is an under-studied topic. The objective of this EAGER is to gain deeper understanding of how to bridge the gap between data transport and user goals—and how alternative design decisions might better serve users. To better support applications there must be a more methodical consideration of application requirements.Some requirements are fully technical: improving performance and resilience or ensuring greater security of data transport. However, the most important and least well-understood are those that derive from their role in shaping the quality of Internet experience. One line of inquiry must begin “top down”, seeking to understand the ways in which design choices impact behavior. Current Internet applications bring great benefit to society, but they also enable great harms (e.g., erosion of privacy, the fast and wide spread of disinformation, identity theft, the balkanization of society into disconnected, mutually hostile camps, etc.) This EAGER proposes to focus on this question: can we identify design approaches that reduce the potential for harm and create a more benign Internet experience? What would these alternate design principles imply for application support, and even for core features of the network?This research is timely, because the Internet and society sit at a critical juncture. Governments are moving to impose a range of regulations on Internet Service Providers or application providers (aka "The Big Tech players"). Historical regulatory strategies (e.g., antitrust enforcement) may not be effective in this context. They may have only a limited or indirect impact on application design. If regulation is to mitigate the harms listed above, it must be based on a grasp of how decisions made during application design shape user behavior. Regulators need a toolbox containing insights and practical strategies to be effective in this environment. This project seeks to inspire the creation of such a toolbox.The challenge is only partially shaped by technical considerations. Online behavior is, above all, a manifestation of innately human motives and behavior patterns. Thus, the strategy to address the human aspects of the requirements includes a careful scan of research results from the behavioral and social sciences and the computer sciences. The output will be a framework that explores the ways in which human behavior emerges under different design conditions. The results from these inquiries will offer fresh insights and options for action that will, in turn, lead to a more benign online experience for all. Tasks included in the EAGER include: o Summarizing a body of relevant knowledge:o As an initial case study of societal harms, focusing on disinformation; based on insights from that topic, generating to other examples where the insights are applicable;o Developing a series of proposed design principles to foster prosocial behavior online. These will specify the application support services associated with select requirements, and - if possible - proposals for changes to the Internet itself; and finally;o Translating the summary into a form more accessible (e.g., comprehensible) to the technical community. With the emergence of a new generation of interactive applications (e.g., enhanced and /or virtual reality), there will be unforeseen challenges in the arenas of authenticity, quality, and dynamics of online experience. By interweaving computer, behavioral and social sciences, work under this EAGER grant will go beyond the study of disinformation to identify practical steps applicable to a wide range of applications and their uses to support the continued growth of an open, civil society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

互联网是一个在端点之间移动信息的平台，但传输服务本身对用户来说毫无意义，控制用户体验特征的是互联网应用程序：如果没有它们，互联网对大多数人来说就没有什么价值。 ，他们的设计是一个未被充分研究的主题，这个 EAGER 的目的是更深入地了解如何弥合数据传输和用户目标之间的差距，以及替代设计决策如何更好地为用户服务。更系统地考虑应用一些要求完全是技术性的：提高数据传输的性能和弹性或更高的安全性。然而，最重要且最不被理解的是那些源于它们在塑造互联网体验质量方面的作用。 “自上而下”，试图了解设计选择影响行为的方式 当前的互联网应用程序给社会带来了巨大的好处，但它们也造成了巨大的危害（例如，隐私的侵蚀、虚假信息的快速广泛传播、身份盗窃、社会的巴尔干化该 EAGER 建议关注这个问题：我们能否确定减少潜在危害并创造更良性互联网体验的设计方法？这些替代设计原则对应用程序支持甚至意味着什么？这项研究是及时的，因为互联网和社会正处于关键时刻，政府正在对互联网服务提供商或应用程序提供商（又名“大型科技参与者”）实施一系列监管。监管策略（例如，反垄断执法）在这种情况下可能不会有效，它们可能只会对应用程序设计产生有限或间接的影响。设计塑造用户行为。监管机构需要一个包含见解和实用策略的工具箱，以便在这种环境下发挥作用。该项目旨在激发这样一个工具箱的创建。最重要的是，在线行为只是部分影响。人类与生俱来的动机的表现因此，解决人类方面的需求的策略包括仔细审视行为科学和社会科学以及计算机科学的研究成果，其输出将是一个探索人类行为在不同情况下出现的方式的框架。这些调查的结果将提供新的见解和行动选项，从而为所有人带来更良好的在线体验。 EAGER 中包含的任务包括： o 总结相关知识：社会初步案例研究危害，重点关注虚假信息；根据该主题的见解，生成适用的见解的其他示例； o 制定一系列拟议的设计原则，以促进在线亲社会行为，这些原则将指定与选定要求相关的应用程序支持服务，以及- 如果可能 - 对互联网本身进行更改的建议； o 随着新一代交互式应用程序（例如，增强型和/或）的出现，将摘要翻译成技术界更容易理解（例如，易于理解）的形式。或虚拟的现实），在线体验的真实性、质量和动态方面将面临不可预见的挑战，通过将计算机、行为和社会科学交织在一起，这项 EAGER 资助下的工作将超越虚假信息的研究，以确定适用于虚假信息的实际步骤。广泛的应用程序及其用途，以支持开放的公民社会的持续发展。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。