Collaborative Research: Autonomous eddy covariance air-sea CO2 flux system for moored buoys

合作研究：系泊浮标的自主涡协方差海海二氧化碳通量系统

• 批准号: 2319150
• 负责人: Scott Miller
• 金额: $ 40.71万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2319150&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Autonomous; eddy; covariance

Accurate prediction of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and oceans is an important earth system model requirement, but the exchange estimates in state-of-the-art climate models remain uncertain. One model factor that requires improvement is the rate of gas transfer across the air-sea interface, and the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) flux technique can provide field measurements needed to improve and validate transfer rate models across a broad range of wind and wave conditions. While the EC technique is widely employed on land, several technical hurdles have hindered wider adoption of this approach for CO2 flux data collection at sea, particularly on unattended floating platforms. Recent work by this team has demonstrated that fast-response closed-path CO2 sensors, central to the EC technique, can be modified to substantially reduce CO2 error due to ship and buoy motion effects. Under this new program, the team will further improve these sensors and also adapt approaches used for larger shipboard CO2 flux systems to develop a small, robust, accurate, and low power system suitable for use on a growing number of autonomous ocean observing platforms. The goals of this project are to 1) design, build and field-demonstrate a next generation infrared gas analyzer engineered to effectively remove motion interference that has plagued previous air-sea gas exchange field experiments, and 2) build and deploy a compact end-to-end eddy covariance CO2 flux system suitable for autonomous measurements through all weather conditions and on small ocean observing platforms where power demands must be minimized. Offshore buoy field demonstrations will be conducted near a long-term CO2 measurement site in the Gulf of Maine where supporting ocean and meteorological observations will provide data needed for sensor and system assessment and validation. The work will be performed using a team approach that formally partners industry, academia, and ocean observing system engineers. The project's final buoy-based flux measurement system will be designed in collaboration with NSF OOI to facilitate integration onto existing and future ocean observing platforms, paving a way for expanded at-sea direct covariance CO2 flux measurements to support a broad range of carbon cycle and air-sea interaction studies and applications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

准确预测大气和海洋之间的二氧化碳交换是地球系统模型的重要要求，但最先进的气候模型中的交换估计仍然不确定。 需要改进的一个模型因素是气体穿过海气界面的传输速率，微气象涡流协方差 (EC) 通量技术可以提供所需的现场测量，以改进和验证各种风浪条件下的传输速率模型。 虽然 EC 技术在陆地上得到广泛应用，但一些技术障碍阻碍了这种方法在海上收集二氧化碳通量数据的更广泛采用，特别是在无人值守的浮动平台上。该团队最近的工作表明，作为 EC 技术核心的快速响应闭路 CO2 传感器可以进行修改，以大幅减少由于船舶和浮标运动效应而产生的 CO2 误差。 根据这个新计划，该团队将进一步改进这些传感器，并调整用于大型船载二氧化碳通量系统的方法，以开发一种小型、稳健、准确和低功耗的系统，适合在越来越多的自主海洋观测平台上使用。该项目的目标是 1) 设计、构建和现场演示下一代红外气体分析仪，该分析仪旨在有效消除困扰之前空气-海洋气体交换现场实验的运动干扰，2) 构建和部署紧凑型终端端到端涡流协方差 CO2 通量系统适合在所有天气条件下以及在必须最大限度降低电力需求的小型海洋观测平台上进行自主测量。海上浮标现场演示将在缅因湾的一个长期二氧化碳测量地点附近进行，那里支持海洋和气象观测，将为传感器和系统评估和验证提供所需的数据。这项工作将采用团队方法进行，该方法正式与工业界、学术界和海洋观测系统工程师合作。 该项目最终的基于浮标的通量测量系统将与 NSF OOI 合作设计，以促进集成到现有和未来的海洋观测平台上，为扩大海上直接协方差二氧化碳通量测量铺平道路，以支持广泛的碳循环和海气相互作用研究和应用。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。